Worksheet 1, Part 1: Proposal Invention Choosing a Topic: Step 1: Take 10-20 min

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Worksheet 1, Part 1: Proposal Invention
Choosing a Topic:
Step 1: Take 10-20 minutes to freewrite lists of topic ideas under each category:
PLACES, TRENDS, THINGS, TECHNOLOGIES, PEOPLE, CONTROVERSIES, HISTORY, JOBS,
HABITS, HOBBIES.
Think of issues or ideas close to home, or ideas being discussed in classes, or in your broader experiences.
Don’t censor your ideas!!! If you already have an idea, try this step anyway to see what might happen,
or skip to Step 2.
Step 2: Go through each list and circle one idea. Then ask personal questions.
Why do I think this is a potentially interesting idea? What is my connection to this idea?
Is this something I have always been interested in?
How much do I know about the idea?
Is this something I have always wondered about or have wanted to learn more about?
Will this topic idea challenge my thinking? Will research help me answer my questions?
Ask about 5 questions for each one.
Step 3: Now, pick one of the above and focus further through inquiry:
Ask as many questions as you can for 10-20m. Get curious!
Don’t assume you know all there is to your topic idea.
In this activity, you will find the focus needed for your paper’s topic.
Try the standard, who, what, where, when, why, how technique if you get stumped. Don’t censor your ideas!
Step 4: Finally, think about your topic as part of a larger conversation. Who is talking about this idea?
What is being said out there? Are there sides? What has been said in the past?
How are your questions moving the ideas further along? Who will help you answer these questions?
Who will you turn to as an authority? Will interviews or surveys help me find answers? What other modes
of research might help me find answers, newspapers, journals, police reports, textbooks, etc?
Is this topic idea related to other topics? Is this topic idea current?
The goal in your paper is to extend your topic’s conversation.
Be as thorough as possible in each step so you can reflect on these ideas as you write your proposal
and begin your research process.
Worksheet 1, Part 2: Proposal Invention
Develop a rough working thesis to help guide your research process. Going into research with goals, and some inquiry, will help you discover the multiple viewpoints needed for the essay.
You can use the attached Sheridan Baker Thesis Machine to come up with a working Thesis:
The Sheridan Baker Thesis Machine
Follow these steps to turn a topic idea into a working thesis for your paper.
Step 1: State the topic under consideration.
Examples: (a) cats, (b) writing classes, (c) grades
Step 2: State the specific issue in the form of a debating proposition.
(a) Resolved: Cats should be subject to leash laws.
(b) Resolved: Writing classes should be abolished.
(c) Resolved: Grades are unnecessary in college.
Step 3: Using a because clause, convert the resolution into a sentence that states your position on the issue and provides a main rationale for that position [= rough thesis].
(a) Cats should be subject to leash laws because they are inveterate wanderers.
(b) Writing classes should not be abolished because many students are unpracticed writers.
(c) Grades are unnecessary in college because students learn more rapidly without them.
Step 4: Polish and refine the rough thesis by adding qualifications (using an although clause) and removing the because clause [= thesis].
(a) Although it is against a cat’s instinctive wanderlust to be restrained, the crowded nature of city life demands that cats not be allowed to roam around freely.
(b) Although gifted high school graduates should be exempt from writing classes, most entering students need help in attaining college-level writing skills.
(c) Although there may be a legitimate need to evaluate the work of college students, the traditional grading system hinders learning and stifles creativity.
Step 5: Test your faith in the thesis and explore potential counterarguments by reversing your position.
(a) The cat’s independent and adaptable nature makes it the only pet capable of living an unrestricted existence within the city.
(b) Although introductory writing classes may have remedial value for some students, most high school graduates possess writing skills sufficient for success in college course.
(c) Traditional grading procedures may offend educational purists, but public school systems require pragmatic approaches to evaluation.
* Adapted from Sheridan Baker, The Practical Stylist
APA7 style and MLA8 style
Use the suggested websites to complete the questions here:
What does APA stand for?
Who uses APA7?
What are some of the tenets of APA7? (gender, bias, etc.)
What is APA7 format? (margins, fonts, cover page, running heads, body, References page, hanging indents, use of capitol letter on the References page, etc.)
What are the basic rules of in-text citation for APA7 (author date method)? It is okay to just focus on Electronic Sources for this. Offer an example of an in-text citation in APA7 style. You may use an example from your research or create an example using your own writing and sources.
4a. How does APA want you to cite interviews?
What are the basic rules for the References page(s) in APA7 style? It is okay to just focus on Electronic Sources for this. Offer an example of a Reference page entry in APA style. You may use an example from your research or create an example using your own writing and sources
APA7 has student-oriented rules that are different from professional rules, can you name a few here?
What does MLA8 stand for? Who uses MLA and why? Use Owl Purdue to answer these questions.
What are some basic tenets for MLA8? Use Owl Purdue to answer.
Compare and contrast APA7 and MLA8 in-text citation rules:
Compare and contrast MLA8 Works Cited page(s) and APA7 References page(s):
Logical Fallacies Worksheet
A. In your own words, what is a logical fallacy?
B. Looking for fallacies via the appeals helps us remember where they can be found. Many fallacies are found through several appeals, so this is just a way to organize some common fallacies we encounter day to day.
1. Fallacies of Ethos:
Ad hominem
Argument from authority
Association fallacies
Appeal to anonymous authority
Authority over evidence
Choose two of the above fallacies and research their definition, then offer an example of that fallacy. Try to find real life examples because logical fallacies are common in our day to day discourse. Discovering fallacies and becoming aware of them allow us to edit them from our academic endeavors.
**For example: Ad hominem is defined as “an argument or reaction directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining”. So, an example of this would be when Trump referred to H. Clinton as “such a nasty woman” during their presidential debates. Note: In politics ad hominem attacks are common on all sides.**
Then consider how often you have either encounter or use that fallacy in day to day living? How would that usage differ from how ethos is judged in a university setting? Do you consider use of that fallacy an issue? Why or Why not? Does context matter? Should it? Discuss.
2. Fallacies of Pathos:
Scare tactic
Slippery slope
Over-sentimentalization
Bandwagon appeal
False need
Choose two of the above fallacies and research their definition and offer an example of the fallacy.
Then consider how often you have either encounter or use that fallacy in day to day living? How would that usage differ from how pathos is judged in a university setting? Do you consider use of
that fallacy an issue? Why or Why not? Does context matter? Should it? Discuss.
3. Fallacies of Logos:
Post hoc fallacy
Correlation-causation fallacy
Hasty generalization
Either-or argument
Stacking the evidence
Begging the question
Red herring
Straw man
Equivocation
False analogy
Choose four of the above fallacies and research their definition and offer an example of the fallacy
Then consider how often you have either encounter or use that fallacy in day to day living? How would that usage differ from how logos is judged in a university setting? Do you consider use of that fallacy an issue? Why or Why not? Does context matter? Should it? Discuss.
4. Fallacies of Doxa:
Based on the definition of doxa, what of the fallacies above might be considered fallacies of doxa?
Choose three and explain why you think they demonstrate errors in how doxa might be applied or used in argument.

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