When do you believe it is appropriate for people to use enhancements and when is it not appropriate? 

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Part 1
Read “How to Defeat Your Own Clone” and “Smart Mice, Not-So-Smart People”
Then answer these questions
Imagine you are a clone. Would you rather be a clone of ONE of your parents or would you rather be the clone of someone your parents selected for reasons of their own? Why?
Post your response (50 or more words)
Then replies to these
each of them must have different response
1.” If I had to choose who to be a clone of between my parents or someone they chose for me for reasons of their own I would choose to let them pick for me. I only choose this because I would like to see who my parents would rather me be. I think by letting them pick for me it would show me who they would want me to be or who they would want me to be most like or maybe they picked someone that had a better life or living situation. I would also like for them to explain the reasonings why they choose who they chose so I can understand as well”.
2. “To combat this decision, I do not believe my parents would want to have a clone of themselves. I believe they would pick someone of their choosing versus have someone with their entire genome makeup. I would rather be a clone of someone they selected rather than there be two, identical genetic persons, as I believe that would cause an identity crisis for my parents if there were to be an infant that is an exact copy of them. Therefore, not be a rational decision in the long run for my parents, mom or dad. Being a clone of someone of their choosing could lead me to have a different life path if I was cloned with someone like retired NBA player Larry Bird, who is 6’9, or someone who is athletic and tall”.
Part 2
Read https://issues.org/mehlman-biomedical-enhancements-drugs-beauty-athletes/
And https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3972660#.WY4BLq3Myt8
Then answer these
Mehlman begins his article by telling us “[p]roducts and services to boost performance, appearance, or capability are here to stay, and better, more sophisticated ones are on the way. ”  That’s what we are talking about when we speak of enhancements, healthy people “bettering” themselves in some way.  Michael Sandel is concerned about where enhancing people will take us.  He talks about what we will lose as we seek perfection, that is humility and an acceptance of the unbidden.
Enhancements stand in stark contrast with the promise of gene editing technologies that might be used for the treatment of illnesses or disorders.
Read the materials in Module 5 and write a thread that contains these elements:
Paragraph 1:  Enhancements.  a) Discuss at least one pro (benefit) and one cost (harm) associated with enhancing people.  Cite specifics from the articles.  b) When do you believe it is appropriate for people to use enhancements and when is it not appropriate?  Why and why not?
Paragraph 2:  Gene editing for treating illnesses and disorders.  a) Discuss at least one pro (benefit) and at least one harm or risk associated with gene editing as a treatment.  b) What is your opinion of the use of this technology.  How, when and why should it be used or not used?  Make specific references to the course material.
Paragraph 3:  Which human value seems most relevant to consideration in making these decisions and why?
Your response should be an essay of at least 150 words.
Then replies to these
1.” Enhancement technology can be beneficial in many ways such as identifying genes that may be linked with non-disease characteristics. Mehlman states that this can lead to useful information which will guide individuals on their lifestyle choices. On the other hand, Mehlman reveals that a possible con of using enhancements is affordability. If certain enhancements were only attainable by the wealthy, it could cause even more inequality and separation in our society. I think it is appropriate to use enhancements when it will provide the individual with an opportunity to better their life in some way whether that be cosmetically, mentally or through health, depending on the person’s needs. I believe this because if we have the resources to help others in some way then it should be acceptable. For example, Mehlman gave the scenario of a surgeon taking a beta blocker to have more steady hands. Personally, enhancements that put others in harm’s way or create more inequality in society would be seen as an inappropriate use.
When gene editing is used as a treatment, it has the potential to help those who have genetic diseases from passing the disease down to future generations. Although this may sound beneficial, there are also concerns such as the safety of the gene editing techniques used. Stein believes that if there are any errors made in the editing process, new diseases could arise in the family, which would become permanent. In my opinion, I think gene editing has a lot of potential in being beneficial to the future health of our society, but since this technology is so new it makes me uncertain how safe this process will be and how it would affect upcoming generations. If scientists can gather evidence of positive outcomes using gene editing after significant trials, it would most likely be acceptable to use. It should not be used during times when scientists are uncertain about its safety or effects.
The human value of medical ethics would be the most relevant when making decisions about enhancements and gene editing because it is important to put our moral principles and beliefs about what is right and wrong for other’s health before our own needs and wants of individual success. If someone does not have the value of medical ethics, the new technology of gene editing may be manipulated and used for reasons other than benefiting the health of the patient.
2. Mehlman writes,” Enhancements are everywhere. Besides, athletes are also tested for substances that have no known performance-enhancing effects, such as marijuana. Are the rewards from enhancements “unearned”? Not necessarily. Athletes still need to train hard. Indeed, the benefit from steroids comes chiefly from allowing athletes to train harder without injuring themselves.” Certain regulated substances are still tested on pro-athletes. Mehlman also writes, “Anti-doping rules in sports go after many substances that pose no significant health risks, such as caffeine and Sudafed. (A Romanian gymnast forfeited her Olympic gold medal after she accidentally took a couple of Sudafed to treat a cold).” Caffeine and Sudafed are available over the counter and therefore not considered as an enhancement. Certain substances that enhance people help them be alert or help them get over a cold. These are means to help better the human body. In cases of steroids, many are used by doctors to help a medical condition, and not to just help muscle growth as seen in media. In cases that are negative, Mehlman writes, “this doesn’t seem to have stopped the adoption of new equipment that improves performance, such as carbon-fiber vaulting poles, metal skis, and oversized tennis racquets. If one athlete used enhancements, would every athlete have to, so that the benefit would be nullified? No, there would still be the benefit of improved performance across the board—bigger lifts, faster times, higher jumps. In any case, the same thing happens whenever an advance takes place that improves performance”. With the uses of certain products that are used in sports specifically, they can have an advantage over the competition that uses standard issued equipment making them at a disadvantage. I believe it’s acceptable to use enhancements when they specifically aim towards healthcare and not the means in trying to get ahead of the competition. With certain situations be applicable, as a whole, I think this is the most justifiable way to view it as. With medication helping people who are in need is acceptable. But using certain enhancements for completions, in particular to those who do not have a means to access them, this is not appropriate.
Rob Stein in Scientists Precisely Edit DNA In Human Embryos To Fix A Disease Gene, writes, “The research is ultimately aimed at helping families plagued by genetic diseases. The new experiment used a powerful new gene-editing technique to correct a genetic defect behind a heart disorder that can cause seemingly healthy young people to suddenly die from heart failure”. This new medical approach could be used to treat more diseases or disorder in families who struggle with it. A biological breakthrough in the means of curing diseases that have no known treatment or are financially high to cure. Joe Palca in In Hopes Of Fixing Faulty Genes, One Scientist Starts With The Basics, writes, “Genetically modifying human beings brings to mind images of Frankenstein monsters. And the technique could be used for trivial or even harmful uses. “Once the discovery is made, it’s out there,” says Doudna. “Anybody with basic molecular biology training can use it for genome editing. That’s a bit scary””. Ethical use of this technology raises concern if its morally and ethically just in many religious group or certain countries perspective on altering human genes. As Jennifer Doudna speaks about the images of Frankenstein, this is how a lot of people could portray it and be against the entirety of supporting it morally and financially. With correcting the disorders, they should only be used when the condition hinders life quality and expectancy. Children and the elderly will suffer the most from certain disorders and this is how the process should be used with them as the first priority, everyone in between comes after. Joe Palca writes, “Other diseases that might ultimately benefit from such an approach include Huntington’s disease, cystic fibrosis, perhaps an inherited form of Alzheimer’s disease and cases of breast and ovarian cancer caused by mutations in the BRCA genes”. In cases where these certain diseases persist, this is when the process should also be applied that are otherwise hard to cure or have no known cure.
Physical health/ nutrition and medical ethics are the most relevant in making these decisions because they are primarily backed around the well-being of human nature. They can guide researchers and medical experts in the means of knowing what should and shouldn’t be done
Your response should be an essay of at least 150 words.  .  Replies should be at least 40 words in length.  BE SURE TO REFERENCE CONCEPTS AND SPECIFICS FROM THE COURSE MATERIALS IN BOTH YOUR THREAD AND YOUR REPLIES.
each of them must have different response
1.    40 words
2.    40 words
Part 3
Read “The Case of Kidney Dialysis”
Then answer these
Health care can be rationed for many reasons.  For instance, there might not be enough of a technology to meet the need; money to pay for medical care might be limited; or as in the case with organs, donation lags behind demand.  Insurance companies, Medicaid and Medicare “ration” by denying coverage for certain treatments.
We are living longer.  The Baby Boomers are aging. These realities will increase the pressure on the health care system causing total costs to rise.  As the Volti text states, “It is not always easy to scrutinize a particular medical technology in terms of costs, benefits, and general appropriateness — especially when it applies to us or someone close to us.”
Right not, let’s focus on new life-saving technologies, like the organ donation or renal dialysis examples.  At the end of his “Medical and Biological Technologies” Chapter, Volti asks questions that I have modified:
1.) When the demand for organs or a new medical technology exceeds the supply, what criteria/mechanism should be used to determine who gets it?  A lottery?  The ability to pay?  The “merit” of the recipient?  Or something else?  2.) Why?  3.) What human value supports (is consistent with) your answer?  Why?  (You are not limited to selecting one of your personal core values here.)

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