The rise of Romanticism in the late eighteenth century marks one of the most imp

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The rise of Romanticism in the late eighteenth century marks one of the most important literary and artistic eras in history.
Humans’ self-reflection on what their place was in the world and how they should view their natural surroundings became more
of a focus than ever. This Romantic movement would last into the mid-nineteenth century and produce some of the most
discussed and studied art and literature in the world. Contrary to the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason, Romanticism
highlighted the necessity of emotion, feelings, and personal life experience. The Romantics saw the natural world as
inspirational, educational, and a source of internal discovery.
In other words, the central belief system during this time was that all humans had to do was look outside therselves at nature
to gain the most understanding of their internal challenges. This era produced the Romantic poets, including William
Wordsworth, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron, to name a few, and Romantic artists such as John Constable,
J.M.W. Turner, and Thomas Cole. A branch of Romanticism was Transcendentalism, led by two literary giants – Ralph Waldo
Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, two American Romantics who were members of the “Transcendentalist Club” and believed
that nature was very much a visible and living spirit that channeled divine authority. To make his point, Thoreau lived in a small
cabin by Walden Pond for two years and composed a book of his experiences called Walden, or Life in the
Woods. Transcendentalists believed that humans should transcend the triviality of day-to-day conflict and commune with nature
to gain spiritual enlightenment and understanding.
However, Romanticism was not completely beautiful, happy, idealistic, and colorful. A darker side of this movement explored
topics such as oppression, deforestation, lack of conservation, and the darker side of humanity, including loneliness, isolation,
obsession, hatred, and uncertainty. All of these components of Romanticism are linked by the underscoring of human emotion as
writers, artists, musicians, and philosophers attempted to bring to the forefront more human elements and feeling as a way to
repel the objective, stark conclusions the Enlightenment encouraged. Herman Melville was one such Romantic who explored a
darker element of human nature in Moby Dick. Mary Shelley, wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley, composed the novel Frankenstein
(under her husband’s name at first), which was most certainly a look at humanity’s darker side. In the chapter for this lesson,
you will read several excerpts from some of the most famous literature in history. The last writing assignment will ask you to do
some additional reading and reflection upon these writers and the topics introduced in this lesson.

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