The Final Project is an individual written project drawing upon material from th

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The Final Project is an individual written project drawing upon material from the whole semester. This is a three part project: 1) Students plan out a paper (though not write one) in 400-500 words, 2) write an annotated bibliography of 3 texts from the course in 250-350 words each , and 3) answer 2 out of 10 essay questions in 350-450 words each. Due May 10th before 11:59pm.
Instructions
Please submit the final project in the Discussion labeled Final Project Submission on Blackboard. There are three parts (Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3). Please paste or type the text of your answers directly into Blackboard and submit by Tuesday May 10th before 11:59pm. 200 points.
Suggestion: use multiple posts (or replies to your original post) in the Final Project Submission discussion to submit the project.
All three Parts are due by May 10th before 11:59pm; Parts 1 and 2 are available now, and Part 3 with the essay questions will be available beginning May 2nd. You may submit the parts any time before the due date.
Read all the instructions carefully, and be sure to complete each of the three parts. A Google Doc with the instructions is available here.
Part 1: Paper Proposal (400-500 words) (50pts)
Instructions: Please imagine a possible paper that you could write for the class. We are not writing whole papers. But if you were to write one, what would it be? Please write a 400-500 word abstract (summary) of this potential paper.
Further instructions/hints:
Try to imagine vividly and express what the thesis would be, as well as the main points of your argument. A useful idea is to connect themes from different modules to each other.
Be sure to address these points: What further questions might be inspired by the paper? What texts from the course would you use? (This leads to Part 2.**)
**Tip: Here is a nice concise discussion of what goes in an abstract (what you are writing for this part) that you might find helpful: https://www.solidessay.com/our-services/how-to-write-a-humanities-abstract**
Some sample ideas to consider incorporating in your theme:
Please use these as inspiration – remember, the aim is to explore a topic of your choosing – these are suggestions to help you choose a topic, but remember not to answer these questions. Come up with your own original theme/topic/thesis:
What is the nature of thinking?; How is understanding and recognizing cognitive errors helpful in thinking more clearly?; What are some methods of proof or logical argumentation and how can they help to avoid logical mistakes?; What are some common mistakes in reasoning and why do we make them?; What is the negative (not) and its role in argument and thinking?; fuzzy logic; What are intuition pumps and how do they help us to think more clearly?; how mistakes help us to think or are useful in other ways; themes in artificial intelligence; determinism and free will; computing, large numbers, evolution, and information; computation and consciousness.
Your text for Part 1: (400-500 words)
Part 2: Annotated Bibliography (750-1050 words total) (75pts)
Instructions: Please choose one text/chapter from Modules 1-6 and two texts/chapters from Modules 7-14, for a total of 3 texts, and write for each a summary that expresses some of the main points, and explores how they connect to your paper topic.
More instructions/hints:
This is like writing an annotated bibliography that could be part of the background for your imagined paper. The annotated bibliography should include summary of the text, reflection, criticism, analysis, etc. Each of the 3 entries should be between 250 and 350 words. Use any style of citation.
Tips: For the annotated bibliography in this part (Part 2), you’re writing brief summaries and discussions of three texts that you choose, and you will relate each of the texts back to the topic of your overall project.
Here are some great hints about writing annotated bibliographies. Also here.
Your text for Part 2: Text 1 (250-350 words), Text 2 (250-350 words), Text 3 (250-350 words)
Part 3: Essay Questions (750-900 words total) (75pts)
[Questions available May 2nd].
Instructions: Answer 2 questions in 350-450 words each.
Further instructions/hints:
Please give complete answers that draw upon relevant parts of the texts from the course.
Be sure to consult the course readings when formulating your answer. For each question, reference specific things from the text that support your answer, and take care to answer each part of the question. Feel free to consult your discussion posts, but you are writing original answers here; make sure the answers don’t repeat discussion posts!
A great answer will draw conclusions that demonstrate comprehension of the texts as well as original insight, clarity, and accuracy, both in the writing (spelling and grammar), and interpretation.
Remember to work independently.
When you are finishing up check: Did you answer 2 questions in 350-450 words each? Did you answer each part of each question? Did you draw upon the readings, and reference the relevant sections of the text? Did you demonstrate original insight? Did you proofread and correct grammar and spelling?
Your text for Part 3: Answer 1 (350-450 words), Answer 2 (350-450 words)
Questions
Dennett describes several ways of making mistakes that may be helpful, and outlines 12 thinking tools in the first part of the book (Parts I and II). How does becoming smarter about making mistakes help us to think more effectively and clearly? How do Dennett’s thinking tools help to clear up common misconceptions and hidden assumptions? Explain.
Dennett outlines three stances: the physical stance, the design stance, and the intentional stance (Part III: Tools for Thinking about Meaning and Content). What are these three stances? What is special about the intentional stance? What does the intentional stance have to do with folk psychology, with the personal/subpersonal distinction? Describe either competence without comprehension, why there is no “wonder tissue,” or the “sorta” operator. Dennett argues in this section that meaning works the same way whether it is happening in a machine or in a person. How does he make this point? Explain.
Bennett discusses different kinds of logic and logic machines, which becomes the basis for computers. What is the difference between probability and fuzzy logic (Bennett Chapter 10 &11)? Dennett describes the basic framework of the computer. How, according to Dennett, do computers work? What are the similarities and differences between what computers do and what humans do when they are thinking? What kinds of lessons can we learn from computers about human intelligence?
According to Gillovich, why do people imagine that patterns of shots in basketball, tosses of a coin, or the ups and downs of the market, occur in streaks? What actually is happening when there appears to be a streak? What would be a more realistic explanation for what is happening? Relate the perception of streaks to two other cognitive errors, and explain.
What are some forms of logical proof? Give three examples of proofs and explain why they are convincing. What are the law of the excluded middle and the principle of non-contradiction? What is proof by contradiction. How is consistency important in proof? Why might it be easier to disprove than to prove things? Explain.
Discuss some of the ways that people use quantifiers like “all.” What are three examples of mistakes with understanding “all”? How can diagrams help us to visualize relationships like “All S are P.” Describe two types of diagrams that help with understanding quantification. How does familiarity help, in some cases, and hinder, in other cases, our understanding of “all”?
Dennett describes how large numbers, both in neural networks and in the birth of many organisms create codes that result in complex and intelligent life forms (Dennett, Part VI). How does Dennett show that because of the many iterations of living organisms that we can achieve human intelligence? What does this say about the possibility of artificial intelligence? Explain.
Think about the nature of intuition pumps as described in the Introduction to Dennett’s book, as well as Part VII: Tools for Thinking About Consciousness (Dennett). Now consider the intuition pump of Descartes’ Meditations, where he wonders whether he can doubt his own existence. He concludes that he cannot, and thus that he is a thing that thinks. How could we change this intuition pump? Consider at least one way of “turning the knobs” on this intuition pump, as Dennett puts it. What difference would it make? How would it change our conclusions? Explain. (Hint: In addition to looking back at the Introduction to Dennett’s book, Watch the video from Module 12 by Harriet You).
Consider the section by Dennett on free will and determinism. First, what is free will and what is determinism? Are the two compatible? Dennett argues that practical unpredictability and practical freedom are enough to provide the kind of free will that matters to human beings. How does Dennett show this? Explain. (Hint: in addition to reviewing Part VIII, watch the video from Module 13 “Dennett’s Tools for Thinking About Free Will” by Teaching Assistant Juan Arteaga).
Dennett argues that meaning can happen in machines in much the same way that it can in human beings. In other words, machines are not just physical things, but they also make meanings, like humans do. How is it that meaning can happen in both machines and human beings? How can truth and falsity apply in the cases of machines? (Hint: take a look at Part V: More Tools for Thinking about Meaning and watch the videos by Doğa Oner: Dennett Lecture 1 Dennett Lecture 2

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