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Maltreatment of a child is considered to be either physical/emotional/sexual abuse or neglect to meet their physical/emotional/psychological needs (Cross et al., 2019). Experiencing abuse and neglect in childhood influences many aspects of development, and one aspect that occupational therapy (OT) practitioners should have an understanding of is the effect on sensory processing abilities. It is supported that roughly two thirds of children that experience abuse or neglect during the development period of ages 5-12 years experience dysfunction in their sensory processing abilities (Cross et al., 2019). Children that experience abuse tend to have difficulties more specific to the tactile, taste, and smell sensory systems, and children that experience neglect tend to have difficulties related to underresponsiveness (Cross et al., 2019). OT practitioners can use this knowledge and understanding to identify sensory processing difficulties in the children they work with that may be a result of maltreatment. If the practitioner knows there is a history of maltreatment when working with children, they may have increased accuracy in identifying specific sensory processing issues and how to target them in treatment. Having insight to the maltreatment the child has experienced can help the practitioner identify what is indicated in sensory treatment for the individual client, for their family unit, and for the environments they function in. Gaining awareness of maltreatment during the evaluation process is also beneficial for practitioners to understand other forms of dysfunction. For example, exposure to early adversity effects the developing brain by inhibiting the prefrontal cortex (Rao, 2014). The prefrontal cortex plays a large role in impulse control and executive functioning. As practitioners working with children, gaining insight to their experiences with adverse experiences can help guide treatment by increasing understanding of why the child may have difficulty with learning or impulse control.
Brynne
References
Cross, D., Call, C., Howard, A., & Lynch, A. (2019). Sensory processing in children with a history of maltreatment. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 73(4), 7311505163p1. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.73S1-PO6012
Rao, A.K. (2014). Occupational therapy in chronic progressive disorders: Enhancing function and modifying disease. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(3), 251-253. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.012120

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