Public Policy Development Analysis – Climate Change and Developing Countries – Law Assignment Help

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Climate Change and Developing Countries: Issues and Policy Implication Although climate change is increasingly becoming clearer as a practical phenomenon by the day, its academic conceptualization is still fluid. This is because it has largely remained an academic and policy issue. For this reason, its conceptualization has been shrouded in high sounding technical lexicon that makes comprehension very challenging. Climate change is a consequence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) Emissions related to resource consumption and production processes, which simultaneously influences the productive basis of the economy and human living conditions. According to Rhaji (2012, 3), climate change is a pattern of change affecting global or regional climatic conditions, as measured by changes in such factors as average temperature and rainfall, or an alteration in frequency of extreme weather conditions. This variation may be caused both by natural processes and human activity. The problem or phenomenon of climate change arises because the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activity has increased significantly (Spore, 2008). Some of the major features of climate change include natural resource depletion, reduction of the Ozone layer, and global warming. These features are, to a larger extent, mutually reinforcing. Of the three, global warming has attracted a lot of attention so much that it is often seen as synonymous with climate change. It suffices to state at this point however, that climate change is a long-term phenomenon, and may take at least seventy years to manifest. 

 

QUESTION 1

1.1 Making reference to the article above, discuss the climate change issues and its policy implications on developing countries.

1.2 Forests play very cardinal roles in maintaining soil fertility and food security. Examine the key policy challenges and bottlenecks hindering a greater contribution of forests to food security.

 

SECTION B (60) Answer ANY THREE (3) questions in this section. 

Read the following extract and answer the question below. Decision making is such an integral part of most people’s everyday lives that it is sometimes difficult to tell where decision making starts and ends. An activity closely allied to decision making, yet different, is policy making. Policies are plans, courses of action or procedures that are intended to influence decisions. As such, they form part of the context for decision making, often providing guiding principles. But decision making is also a part of policy making and there is a dynamic relationship between decision making and policy making. These two activities differ mainly in their purposes. A decision will usually be specific to a situation, even though it will be linked to other decisions in other situations. A policy however may apply more generically. Why does this difference matter? It matters when a decision made in one situation sets a precedent that may become a ‘de facto’ policy. 

Examples where this has happened can be found in planning processes where precedents set are taken into account when appeals are made regarding granting planning permission. De facto policy also applies in some countries regarding prosecution of small scale polluters, where it is not practical to implement environmental legislation in a literal sense in all cases. Developing policy for dealing with diffuse pollution (from multiple sources) within water catchments is an example where decision making interacts with policy making. Problems of diffuse pollution are widespread, and where practical ways of improving diffuse pollution situations have been found, these have influenced policy options. 

QUESTION 2 (20) Critically elaborate on the assumptions underlying causes of the environmental problems and the policy implications thereafter. 

QUESTION 3 (20) The new media environment is dynamic and continues to develop in novel, sometimes unanticipated ways that have serious consequences for democratic governance and politics. Discuss how new media has radically altered the way government institutions operate, the way that political leaders communicate, the manner in which elections are contested, and citizen engagement. 

QUESTION 4 (20) Discuss how policy models have been used to formulate cutting-edge policies for a contemporary society. 

QUESTION 5 (20) The policy implementation process is perceived as a complex political process and not mechanically administrated. The 5C protocol is used as a framework within the complex and dynamic political terrain. Discuss how the 5C protocol can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation. 

QUESTION 6 (20) Some economists argue that population growth is good because it provides more workers, consumers, and problem solvers to keep the global economy growing. Environmentalists argue that population growth threatens economies and the earth’s life support systems through increased pollution and environmental degradation. What is your position? Elaborate why you hold this position (support your answer with appropriate examples). 

 

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