Playing With Soil, Becoming a Farmer

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You’ve been contemplating whether or not you want to become a farmer. Now you’ve finally made up your mind that you’re going to give it a shot. One very important thing you should consider is the quality of soil that you have to work with. The ideal classification of soil you’re going to need to be successful is referred to as loam. We will need to learn a lot of terms to understand what loam is. Soil is considered to be classified as loam if it contains all three particle sizes that are found in soil: sand, silt, and clay.
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Lucky for you there is an easy method to see approximately what soil you are going to be working with. So, grab yourself a bottle of water, a funnel (optional), a hand shovel, and let’s get to playing in the dirt?!
Soil is actually much more complicated than you might have thought. Let’s analyze the ideal soil texture, loam, and shed some light on the complexity of it.

Loam must possess a certain proportion of sand (22-52%), silt (32-50%), and clay (5-28%) to be honored with the title. So what is it that makes loam the ideal agricultural soil? The combination of all three of these particle sizes give loam amazing characteristics that essential to encouraging plant life. Clay is the smallest particle size, silt particles are little larger, and sand particles are the biggest of the three. Each of the three particle sizes contribute to the structure of the soil.
Soil porosity is the amount of open space (pores) between soil particles and this affects permeability (connectivity between soil pores). The higher the permeability, the better water can run through it! This promotes diversity within the soil that creates many important characteristics of it.
A few of these characteristics can be defined to give you an understanding for why loam is a fantastic soil for your farming aspirations. Water holding capacity is a fairly simple characteristic to grasp. The more water retention in the soil, the more it has to offer to plants that live in it. Nutrient retention is also higher in loam. The more nutrients, the more fertile your soil will be. Furthermore, loam has a plant-loving bulk density to it. This means the soil is not considerably compacted, and it allows for aeration, provides a nice habitat for organisms, and makes it easy for roots to reach the places they need to get to find water.
You may have noticed that the clay proportion in loam is less than 28%. This is because too much clay is problematic for agriculture. Just a little bit ago it was mentioned that soil is more fertile when it contains more nutrients, has a higher water capacity, and if it hosts more organic matter and diversity. Well, clay isn’t the best in each of these categories. It also has a very high bulk density that proves to be an issue. This high bulk density means it has poor soil porosity which makes it hard for water to work its way through it. Additionally, this makes the aeration worse in clay as well. All these factors and more are why loam must have less than 28% of clay.
Are you still stoked about chasing your dream of becoming a farmer? Are you convinced that you now have the knowledge to have a thriving farm and a huge harvest coming soon? Remember that you’re going to want the good stuff; you’re going to need loam! If you think you have what it takes don’t forget to pay attention to the important characteristics like water retention, organic matter, aeration, and permeability. Keep your soil limited to the amount of clay it has, master your knowledge of this complex stuff, and I’m sure you will have great fortune as a farmer!
References
Ritter, Michael E. The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography 3/3/2016. http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html

Felipe Rivera

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