Pjm330 2 Discussion Forum Responses 150 200 Words Each Apa Cited Reference

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Question Description

Please reply to both POST1: and POST2 in at least 150-200 words each with APA cited reference.

Required

Chapter 20 in Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling
Part 1: Chapter 8 in A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)

Recommended

American Society for Quality [ASQ]. (2015). Knowledge center. Retrieved from http://asq.org/knowledge-center/index.html
Fierro, R. (2016). Buying into quality. Quality Progress, 49(9), 30-37.
International Organization for Standardization. (2015). ISO 9000—quality management. Retrieved from http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso_9000.htm

POST1:

Discussion Board – Module 6

November 11, 2019

According to Kerzner (2017), there are seven basic toolsof statistical process control. The tools are used to provide agraphical and measured representation of process data. Theserepresentations allow users to control products and processes. Theseven tools include data figures, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effectanalysis, trend analysis, histograms, scatter diagrams, and processcontrol charts (Kerzner, 2017).

Cause-and-Effect Analysis

Kerzner (2017) states that “cause-and-effect analysisuses diagramming techniques to identify the relationship between aneffect and its causes” (p.711). The resultant diagrams are calledcause-and-effect or fishbone diagrams. Figures 1 and 2 show thecause-and-effect diagram and the corrective action diagram. Thecause-and-effect analysis is divided into 6 steps.

Identify the problem (problem statement)
Select interdisciplinary brainstorming teams
Draw problem box and prime arrow (see Figure 1 for steps 3 – 5)
Specify major categories
Identify defect causes
Identify corrective action (see Figure 2) (Kerzner, 2017)

Figure 1. Cause-and-effect diagram. Adapted from ProjectManagement: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling(12th ed.) by H. Kerzner, 2017, Wiley, p. 712.

Figure 2. Corrective Action. Adapted from ProjectManagement: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling(12th ed.) by H. Kerzner, 2017, Wiley, p. 714.

Project Example

The manager identifies a problem with product quality.He gathers his interdisciplinary brainstorming team to determine thecauses of poor product quality. The manager begins constructing thecause-and-effect diagram by drawing the problem box and the primearrow. He then identifies the major categories which are contributingto the problem. The team finds that poor product quality is beingcaused by defective materials, poorly trained employees, and machinerybreakdowns. They recommend that the company change material suppliers,retrain the employees, and increase machinery maintenance. The managerrecommends corrective actions to management.

References

Kerzner, H. (2017). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and

controlling (12th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

POST2:

Module 6: Discussion Forum

The basic tools of statistical process control are Data Figures,Pareto Analysis, Cause-and-Effect Analysis, Trend Analysis, Histograms,Scatter Diagrams, and Process Control Charts. These 7 tools provideefficient data collection, pattern identification, and measurement ofvariability. (Kerzner 2017.)

Control Charts:

Control charts puts the focus on prevention of defects, rather thantheir detection and rejection. The cost of producing a proper productcan be reduced significantly by the application of statistical processcontrol charts. According to Kerzner 2017, their are many possibilitiesfor interpreting various kinds of patterns and shifts on control charts.If properly interpreted, a control chart can tell us much more thanwhether the process is in or out of control. A control chart can tell uswhen to look for trouble, but it cannot by itself tell us where tolook, or what cause will be found.

One of the greatest benefits from a control chart is that it tellswhen to leave a process alone. Sometimes the variability is increasedunnecessarily when an operator keeps trying to make small corrections,rather than letting the natural range of variability stabilize. Thereare two types of control charts: Variable charts for use with continuousdata and Attribute charts for use with discrete data.

Example:

Imagine that coffee strength was being evaluated on a scale of 1-10each time a pot was made. The results were plotted on a controlcenterline chart. The centerline being the mean average and the upperand lower lines represent the upper and lower control limits. If thecoffee making process is stable and only affected by “common causes” ofvariation, all coffee strengths should land inside the two controllimits, scattered above or below the average value. If the coffeestrength was to fall below the lower control limit or above the uppercontrol limit, or if the coffee strength was trending upward ordownward, this would indicate a “special cause” and a process adjustmentor corrective action would be called for.

Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Control
Kerzner, H.

http://www.dataparc.com/2015/06/04/how-to-use-control-charts-to-improve-manufacturing-quality/ Links to an external site.

How To Use Control Charts To Improve Manufacturing Quality
June 4, 2015

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