Organisation studies

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QUESTION
1.Explain what Weber meant by the distinction between formal rationality and substantive rationality. Using these two concepts, analyze whether Scientific Management and Human Relations Theory are formally rational, substantively rational, both, or neither. All essays should contain a full list of works referred to (not included in the word count),
and must be entirely your own unaided work. Plagiarism – using the words of anyone other than yourself unquoted and without attribution – is checked for using specialist software and will result in a reduced mark (which may be zero) or, in some circumstances, more severe penalties. In addition to the guidance you will already have
received on plagiarism, there is information available on Moodle
A good essay has the following characteristics:
It demonstrably makes use of readings (not just the textbook) and course material
and references them: an essay is not just your opinion but should be based on the
existing studies of the topic
It is not simply a re-hash of lecture notes
It makes an argument, rather than just being a list of points, and that argument can
include, but should not be limited to, your own opinion
It is structured rather than being a string of haphazard ideas
It makes best use of the words available: as you write and re-read what you have
written, ask yourself whether every word is relevant to the question
Essays must be submitted on-line via Moodle by Thursday 18th
February 2016 at 12 noon.
Examples of poor and better essay writing
Management will remain a basic and dominant institution perhaps as long as Western Civilization itself survives” (Peter Drucker, 1955). Explain what Drucker meant by this statement. Was it ever true? Is it still true?
In this document, I imagine two paragraphs that a student might have written as part of a previous essay assignment I have set (it is based on a quote I referred to in lecture 5 of this course). Both paragraphs are trying to make some similar points, but the first one does so much better. Of course there are many ways to write both good and bad essays, but these are indicative of common ways that people do well or badly. Apart from the imaginary marker’s comments I have made on the text of each, in general the main differences between them are:
The better one makes more precise statements; the poor one makes vague and sometimes inaccurate statements
The better one contains a clear argument (which presumably would be developed further in the essay as a whole); the  one does not have a clear argument
The better one references relevant work in an accurate manner; the poor one makes no references at all
The better one summarises ideas in a relatively sophisticated way; the poor one is very simplistic
The better one is targeted at the question; the poor one introduces an irrelevant issue
As a consequence, the better one, assuming the whole essay was of a similar standard, would probably get a first or a high 2.1; the poor one would probably fail or get a very marginal third.
Example 1 (better)
Druckers (1955) statement came just ten years after Burnham (1945) had outlined his ‘managerial revolution’ thesis, in which he argued that managers now constituted an elite group wielding considerable power throughout corporations as well as in what were by that time large and significant governmental organizations. Management had, since the 19th Century, been linked to defining ideas in the west about progress, control and prosperity, as had been claimed by advocates of scientific management (see Shenhav, 1998). It had also been linked, in the pre-war period, to the promotion of individual and social well-being by the Hawthorne study researchers (e.g. Roethlisberger & Dickson, 1939). However, I think it is fair to say that it was the period immediately after the Second World War that what Robert Locke (1996) calls the “American management mystique” was at its highest. As I will now discuss, many of the conditions that fostered it have changed or even disappeared.
Example 2 (poor)
Drucker was only saying what lots of other people were saying about management being important in those days. Probably even Taylor thought the same thing although his ideas were dismissed by Hawthorne, who thought management was only a good thing if you did it with kindness. Drucker did go further than them, though, he really did think that management was wonderful but nowadays many people are not so sure.

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