Instructions Instructions Please respond to all 6 discussion separately/INDIVID

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Instructions Instructions Please respond to all 6 discussion separately/INDIVIDUALLY. Please divide the words equally between the 6 responses. Discussion #1Defensive medicine has been known to be called “Defensive medical decision making”. Defensive medicine is when a diagnostic test or medical treatment is recommended for the patient, but the purpose is to protect the physician. Defensive medicine can be used when a physician is avoiding malpractice litigation. “Approximately 2.8% of medical expenses being spent to avoid litigation, rather than benefitting the patient”. So, a small portion of tests and procedures are used to avoid malpractice ligation. This makes the cost of health care increase due to physicians avoiding being sued. Defensive medicine drives up the cost of health care and can also cause further complications to the patient. The use of defensive medicine makes it harder on other patients causing delays on procedures and medications.
Reference:
Does Defensive Medicine ‘Work’? | Harvard Medical School
Discussion #2Defense medicine is ordering test and performing procedures that is not needed and it has cost the United States over 50 million. Malpractice is one of the main reasons that this has come into effect. Doctors ordering too little or too much of the medicine that is actually needed for the patient.
When it comes to ACA moving forward doctors will still use defensive medicine will still be practiced just to prevent malpractice suits. They will continue to order more medicine and do more procedures so they can make sure that all basis are covered.
Darryl S. Weiman, M.D, J.D.
Professor of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Jun 4, 2016
Discussion #3Depending on the circumstance, defensive medicine may be beneficial or harmful. The former includes conducting pointless diagnostic tests, invasive procedures, recommending pointless treatment, and requiring pointless hospitalization. The latter is refraining from risky operations on patients who would have benefited from them, so disqualifying individuals from receiving treatment and being admitted to the hospital. Both of these activities are increasingly being used as professional conduct in medical settings, which raises the price of healthcare and occasionally degrades the standard of care. Unnecessary intrusive diagnostic procedures, for instance, come with significant risks and expenses for the patient.
Defensive medicine typically increases a patient’s healthcare costs. Defensive medicine is practiced for a variety of reasons, including the incentives for boosting patient care revenues. This may be necessary in some cases to confirm the diagnosis, assess the severity of the illness, or because the diagnostic tests that are now available are not accurate enough. (Sekhar, 2013)
References
Sekhar, M. V. (2013, April 3). Defensive medicine: a bane to healthcare. (Ann Med Health Sci Res) doi:10.4103/2141-9248.113688
Discussion #4Cost containment according to (Shi & Singh, 2018), “The United States has made many attempts to control health care spending, through a combination of government regulation and market-based competition”. Essentially cost containment in US health care is the attempt of balancing cost and efficiency within the health care system. The reason being if left unchecked, the prices would inflate to ridiculous amounts and become extremely unaffordable, and non-cost effective.
I think cost containment is an important concept because, again, if left unchecked the inflation would make in too expensive for facilities to keep up, patients would have to pay ridiculous amounts of money, and the government would then have an ineffective system.
One initiative that was taken in the US was done by President Richard Nixon. “In 1971, President Richard Nixon created the Economic Stabilization Program, which limited the amount by which hospitals could raise their prices from year to year” (Shi & Singh, 2019). This essentially put hospital in a stalemate, forcing them to take into consideration purchasing new technology, which would then cause them to increase prices to cover the costs.
References
Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2018). Essentials of the u.s. Health care system (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Discussion #5Cost containment is when the healthcare try reduce the cost of health care costs. The reason why it is an important concept is because when you reduce the cost of healthcare it will give those that are low income communities to be able to afford healthcare. It mean that companies will be able to lower the cost and expenditures of healthcare. One imitative program was the Medicare pilot program is a system to where several Medicare providers to join together to share the cost of healthcare.
Discussion #6″Cost containment is defined as reducing the level or rate of increase in health care costs.” (Stephen F. Jencks, 1992) Countries in the EU such as France, Ireland, and Greece have been experimenting with cost containment strategies such as reducing physician wages and healthcare fees by approximately 25%. (Stephen F. Jencks, 1992) I believe that cost containment is an important concept because it helps keep the increasing costs of healthcare somewhat in control. A few examples of some initiatives in the U.S. are employer-sponsored high deductible health plans, health savings accounts, and claims analysis. (Will Rumsey, 2021)
Resources:
Jencks, S. F., & Schieber, G. J. (1992, March). Containing U.S. health care costs: What bullet to bite? Health care financing review. Retrieved July 13, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195141/#:~:text=Cost%20containment%20is%20defined%20as,’%20costs%20versus%20payers’%20expenditures.
Rumsey, W. (2021, November 21). What are cost containment strategies? What Are Cost Containment Strategies? Retrieved July 13, 2022, from https://www.fshealth.com/blog/what-are-cost-containment-strategies-plus-3-solutions-for-your-clients
Stadhouders, N., Kruse, F., Tanke, M., Koolman, X., & Jeurissen, P. (2018, November 2). Effective healthcare cost-containment policies: A systematic review. Health Policy. Retrieved July 13, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851018306341#sec0005

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