How to make specific references to texts and videos

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Learning Goal: I’m working on a philosophy discussion question and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.Do We Have Free Will?Do We Have Free Will?Listen to this podcast episode of Making Sense,(which is 45 min) in which philosopher and neuroscientist Sam Harris presents an argument that free will doesn’t exist [I recommend taking notes and making note of time stamps while you listen, as arguments about free will can be quite complicated].Provide a summary of Harris’ argument, explaining the reasons and examples he gives to defend his position.Respond to his argument. If you think you have free will, how can you defend your position? If you agree with Harris that we do not have free will, explain why you agree with him. Your response must refer specifically to his argument by disagreeing with specific points he makes or by agreeing with specific points he makes. To be specific, rather than saying ‘I think we have free will because…’, your response should be more like ‘Sam Harris says we do not have free will because x; I disagree with this point because y.’Also, often in this discussion, students make claims such as “I have free will because I make choices” or “I have free will because I can do whatever I want.” But such responses commit the fallacy of begging the question. Essentially, such claims say ‘I have free will because I have free will.’ In your response, try to avoid committing this fallacy.Make sure to follow the instructions given in Unit 1 in the Discussion Forums: Protocol and Grading Criteria folder for making specific references to texts, videos, and podcasts; posts that do not make references according to these instructions will not receive full credit.Works Linked/Cited:“#241 Final Thoughts on Free Will.” Making Sense.12 Mar. 2021, https://samharris.org/podcasts/241-final-thoughts-… Accessed 20 Aug. 2021.Grading Criteria/RequirementsBelow are guidelines to help you be successful in the discussion forums.For the possibility of full credit, you should have substantial responses for all original discussion threads. To meet the criterion of being substantial, your posts should thoroughly respond to the prompt by answering all questions with reasons, examples, and detailed explanations for your position(s).
In addition to answering all original threads, you must respond to at least 2 posts in each thread. Your responses should be thorough and substantial (for example, posts that essentially express agreement or disagreement with others’ posts are not thorough and substantial); you should discuss, react to, question, and challenge what others have said.
When you respond to others, make sure to use their name (e.g. ‘Julie, I agree with your point that blah blah blah because…’). When you don’t use the person’s name, nobody, including the person to whom you are responding, knows whom you are speaking to. Also, directly quoting the specific point you are addressing helps others understand your point(s).
Each forum thread has a due date, and after that due date passes, posts in that thread will not be accepted; the reason for this is not to punish students, but because posting after a thread closes would be akin to walking into an empty classroom and speaking to the walls: once a thread ends, there is nobody to talk to. So pay careful attention to the due dates for each thread. These can be found in the course schedule
What should I write? How long should my posts be?Students sometimes ask why there is no minimum length or word count given for forum posts; the reason for this is word count has nothing to do with quality; you should be concerned with the quality of what you say, not the quantityHow to make specific references to texts and videos:Many of the threads ask for specific references to the text, videos, or podcasts, and sometimes students seem not to understand what is meant by ‘specific reference.’ A specific reference to the text should give the name of the reading and the author, if applicable, and the page number (for example, if you refer to a reading within our text not by the author of the text but by another writer included in our text, give the name of the author, the title of the reading, and the page number; if you refer to part of the text written by the textbook author, give the page number). When providing a specific reference, you may quote or paraphrase, but your reference should be thorough (a complete idea) and specific. A specific reference to a video should give the timestamp; to see the timestamp, simply look at the progress bar for the video and give the time during the video at which the point you want to reference occurs, e.g. 1:34. You should make podcast references with the time stamp also.Here are some examples:In the reading “On the Pragmatic Theory” by William James, James says blah blah blah on p. 264.In the video, the narrator says that Plato’s idea of the soul is blah blah blah [2:56].In the podcast, Sam Harris says blah blah blah [4:34].Sometimes, students do not answer all the questions in a forum thread, but for full credit, you should thoroughly answer all questions.This discussion forum has 2 parts.The second part includes replying two student. I ll share it with you once you are done with the first part

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