HLT54115 – HLTENN025: Diploma of Nursing – Islets of Langerhans – Glycosylated Haemoglobin – Nursing Assessment Answer

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Code: HLT54115 – HLTENN025

Islets of Langerhans Glycosylated Haemoglobin Nursing Assessment Answer

Assignment Task: HLT54115 – HLTENN025

Q1. What cells make up the Islets of Langerhans?
A. Glucagon secreting Alpha cells
B. Insulin-secreting Beta cells
C. Glucagon secreting Beta cells
D. Insulin-secreting Alpha cells
E. Both a and b
F. Both c and d

Q2. The nurse enters a patient’s room and sees the patient breathing rapidly with a fruity breath smell. This is known as HLT54115 – HLTENN025
A. Trousseau’s
B. Cullen’s
C. Kussmaul’s
D. Bitot’s

Q3. Insulin causes blood glucose levels to fall, but glucagon causes those levels to rise. The relationship between the two hormones would be said to be
A. Antagonistic
B. Permissive
C. Expressive
D. Synergistic
Q4. The glycosylated haemoglobin value is a useful parameter when making decisions regarding the need for insulin in a Type 2 diabetic. Is this statement true or false? HLT54115 – HLTENN025
A. True
B. False

Q5. Risk factors for pre-diabetes are:
A. Being overweight – especially those who have excess weight around the waistline (ie: more than 94cm for men and more than 80cm for women).
B. Having high triglycerides and low HDL-C (good cholesterol) and/or high total cholesterol.
C. Having high blood pressure.
D. Having a family history of type 2 diabetes and/or heart disease.
E. All the above

Q6. In regards to the pathophysiology of diabetes, which of the following is true? HLT54115 – HLTENN025
A. The body’s cells lose sensitivity to insulin
B. Dietary fat is a driver of insulin resistance.
C. Sedentary lifestyle increases insulin resistance.
D. All the above.
Q7. Lucy has just given birth. She had gestational diabetes and did not have to take insulin. You determined Lucy’s current understanding regarding her diabetic condition when she said that “she is very concerned that I will now have to take insulin for the rest of my life”. What does a nurse say to educate Lucy about her condition?
A. Proper instruction of foot care
B. 25-50% of women will eventually develop type 2 diabetes
C. Losing the gained fat will help
D. Education her about her condition and what type of insulin she will need
Q8. After giving insulin, what is the most critical observation that needs to be made?
A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Hyperglycaemia
D. Hypoglycaemia
Q9. The nurse enters a diabetic patient’s room at 11:30am and notices that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic and anxious. The patient states she is hungry and doesn’t remember where she is. This patient is most likely showing signs of what? HLT54115 – HLTENN025
A. Hyperglycaemic
B. Hypoglycaemic
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-ketotic coma
Q10. Hyperglycaemia is when:
A. The blood sugar is too low
B. The blood sugar is normal
C. There is sugar in the urine
D. The blood sugar is too high
Q11. A patient arrives at the ED with severe hyperglycaemia, a blood sugar level of of 36 mmo/L, pH of 7.3, severe thirst, dehydration, and confusion. The patient is breathing rapidly and has a fruity breath smell. This patient has symptoms of:

A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
B. Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-ketotic coma
C. Hypoglycaemia
D. Diabetic neuropathy

Q12. The diabetic patient’s lab work comes back with a pH of 7.4, Se Glucose of 38 mmol/L, paCO2 of 35 mm Hg, HCO3 of 25 mEq/L. The patient is confused and dehydrated. This patient is showing signs and symptoms of: HLT54115 – HLTENN025
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
B. Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-ketotic coma
C. Hypoglycaemia
D. Diabetic neuropathy

Q13. What is the correct order of stages in Diabetic Retinopathy?
A. Non-Proliferative -> Proliferative -> Fibrotic
B. Proliferative -> Non-Proliferative -> Fibrotic
C. Fibrotic -> Proliferative –> Non-Proliferative
D. Fibrotic -> Non-Proliferative -> Proliferative

Q14. The newly diagnosed diabetic patient asks the nurse why he needs to check his feet every day. The nurse’s best response is:

A. To prevent leg amputation
B. To check for any cuts, sores, or dry cracked skin so they can be treated early to prevent infection or gangrene
C. To check for fungal infections
D. To check for peripheral pulses

Q15. Which of the following is not a stage of grief associated with diagnosis of diabetes? HLT54115 – HLTENN025

A. Denial
B. Guilt
C. Depression
D. Acceptance
E. None of the above

Q16. Anxiety in diabetes is primarily because of:

A. Fear of needles
B. Fear of hypoglycaemia
C. Financial fear related to medicines
D. D, A and B
E. All the above

Q17. What are the three (3) main factors to success with diabetes?
A. Food, exercise, insulin
B. Food, insulin, ketones
C. Exercise, ketones, insulin

Q18. A male of height 183cms, weighing about 89kgs came to the hospital. He was recently diagnosed with diabetes. What is his Body Mass Index? HLT54115 – HLTENN025
A. 14
B. 26
C. 18
D. 22
Q19. Which of the following are true regarding smoking tobacco?
A. It contributes in development of diabetes
B. It causes impaired glycaemic control
C. It causes micro vascular and macro vascular complications
D. All the above
Q20. All the following are true in regard to prevention of eye diseases, except:
A. Regular yearly eye check ups
B. Monitoring diabetes alone
C. Monitoring diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol
D. Regular exercise

Q21. It’s 12.00pm and lunch is due to be served in 15 minutes. For the past 6 days, Mr. Smith, a 55-year-old patient has been an inpatient on the medical ward for treatment of unstable diabetes and angina. He has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease with two blocked arteries. His current blood glucose level is 6.7mmol/L. The consultant has scheduled Mr Smith for coronary artery stenting at 3pm. Considering the change in circumstances, which one of the following should an enrolled nurse do according to priority? HLT54115 – HLTENN025

A. Collect all his X-rays, investigations and patient medical history and initiate patient transfer
B. Check his blood glucose levels
C. Shave the patient’s right groin in preparation for radiological intervention
D. Consult the registered nurse regarding the changed circumstances
E. Stop all the feeds as the patient is now under NBM (Nil by mouth) status

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