Each question needs to be 400-500 words These are position-oriented and require

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Each question needs to be 400-500 words These are position-oriented and require you to take a position on the
the issue in the questions. Grade based on
A. How well you articulate your answer (word choice, organization of ideas, proper punctuation/spelling, introduction and conclusion, use a clear thesis statement).
B. Incorporation of the readings in your answer, including referencing clear examples and accurate information. Other sources (films, articles) are applicable as well.
C. Evidence of critical thinking skills; to identify the main issue(s), accurately apply moral theories and principles, think “between the lines” and dissect the problems.
Essay questions: 1-5
1. Describe why a deontologist would not agree with physicians lying to their patients regarding a
diagnosis. Describe why a utilitarian might agree with physicians lying to their patients regarding a
diagnosis. Provide an example of each to support your case. The examples should reflect on the pros
and cons of lying to a patient.
2. The following clip was taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0AkJXI2Yxk. Henrietta
Lacks’ cells have been used for research for decades, though she did not provide consent for their use.
Consider the ethical issue underlying this scenario and describe what you see as the main ethical
problem. Then please apply three moral principles to this scenario that capture and help you describe
1) the underlying issues and 2) solutions that rectify this issue and/or prevent it from happening again.
Overall, decide and describe if the researchers’ actions were ethical overall.
3. Consider recent vaccine mandates for COVID-19 (for employees in general, healthcare workers,
and/or students in public schools or universities) and what issues of social and distributive justice
might underlie or challenge these mandates. Under what circumstances can the government
implement regulations on different health behaviors? Do you think these are acceptable and legitimate
for a government to implement? On what grounds? Is COVID a unique case or no? Why or why not?
Apply AT LEAST one ethical theory or moral principle to your argument.
4. Suppose a new cancer therapy is being tested in a large clinical trial. The therapy is working well; it
seems that it is extending the lives of patients suffering from a deadly form of cancer. But the results
are not yet statistically significant and there’s a small chance the extended lives is just a coincidence.
The trial is stopping so that those who are not getting the therapy – those in the control arm – can be
given the new therapy, so everyone can benefit. The physician-researchers directing the trial claim
that stopping the trial before it provides statistically-significant data – before they can prove the drug
is really the reason people are living longer – might in fact delay the therapy’s wider use (for
example, getting FDA approval). Evaluate the moral implications of stopping the trial versus the
moral implications of continuing it. Be explicit in your use of the moral principles in your answer.
5. A patient is getting ready to leave the hospital and requests pain medication before going home. She
goes so far as to ask for Dilaudid by name, a very powerful drug, with a strong risk of addiction and
dependence. It seems to you, her physician, that her pain is easily controlled with less powerful drugs.
She doesn’t seem in pain to you as she packs her bags, and you know she’s not taken any pain
medications recently. Your fellow doctors become angry at this request and force the patient to leave
the hospital without medications, going so far as to call security to have her escorted out. Consider the
moral positions of both the patient and the physician who called security. What moral principles and
ethical theories are involved here? How does paternalism balance against autonomy? What is the
ethical course of action?

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