Describe how you would Validate the scale

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INSTRUCTIONS ARE ODDLY FORMATTED
I ATTACHED THE SCREENSHOTS #1-5 TO BETTER UNDERSTAND.
A LIKERT SCALE IS TO BE CREATED FOLLOWING THESE STEPS.
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Grading rubric for attitudes assignment
An attitude is a person’s feeling toward and evaluation of some object or event. Attitudes have two important aspects: Direction(positive/negative, for or against) and Intensity (strength of feeling). For example, you might like horses – thus, your attitude towards horses has a positive direction. If you are crazy about horses, your attitude toward them has a high level of intensity. You would be intensely positive toward horses.
Because attitudes are so much a part of human behavior, researchers have spent a great deal of time figuring out ways to measure attitudes. There are numerous attitude scales.* We will describe one of the more common approaches here, the Likert scale.
Constructing a Likert scale – You can also use this for your thesis to help you evaluate your measures.
Step 1. (10 points) The first step is to specify the attitude to be measured. In this example we will use attitude toward mathematics.
Step 2. (15 points) Collect statements
Generate as many statements as possible covering all aspects of the issue (both pro and con). Do in-depth interviews on the topic, ask colleagues, survey the literature.
Step 3. (15 points) Judge direction
For this step you need to recruit some judges (20 or more people). You will ask them to rate the direction of the statement. Does the statement reflect a positive or negative attitude toward math? You do NOT want their opinion on the item — this sometimes takes a bit of convincing. Present the collected items in the following format:
Instructions: Please rate each of the following items with regard to its favorability toward math (circle the appropriate number). Do not respond in terms of your own agreement or disagreement with the statements; rather, respond in terms of the judged degree of favorableness or unfavorableness.
Step 4. (15 points) Discard neutral (or unable to judge) statements
Keep only the items where at least 90% of the judges agree as to direction (favorability rating). Eliminate the statements rated as Neutral/Unable to judge, or those for which judges differ in their opinions (less than 90% agreement). The following statements are not directly for or against math and would be eliminated
Math is a science.
These days math instruction at the high school level is of poor quality.
Men are better at math than women.
Step 5. (15 points) Format items to measure intensity.
NOTE the different instructions and labels at the top of the columns.
This is how the final attitude scale will be presented to respondents.
Instructions: Please indicate your level of agreement with each of the following items (circle the appropriate number).
Step 6. (20 points) Pilot test (pre-test)
Before printing the final version, pretest the form on a few people that will not be in your final sample. There will ALWAYS be something that needs to be corrected – unclear directions, an ambiguous item, incorrect numbering, typos, etc. It is best to find them before you print hundreds of copies.
Scoring
After the respondent fills out the attitude survey, the researcher must reverse score the negative items (determined in Step 2 above) so that all of the individual item scores lie on the same scale with regard to direction. In reverse scoring, the 5 becomes 1, 4 becomes 2, 3 stays the same, 2 becomes 4 and 1 becomes 5. The reason is that we want to obtain a single score reflecting the intensity in a single direction – that is, we want a high overall score to reflect a positive attitude and a low overall score to indicate a negative attitude. If someone strongly agrees with “Math is difficult for me,” the attitude toward math is negative. Although the person has circled 5 on the form, that item (being negative) is scored as a 1.
After the scores on the negative items are reversed, sum the individual ratings. Either a total score or the average is used to characterize the individual’s attitude.
Step 7. (10 points) Describe how you would Validate the scale
There are 3 ways to demonstrate that a Likert scale is valid, that is, that it measures the attitude that it purports to measure in a credible way.

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