B4: Cause and Effect and Correlation Before completing this week’s discussion qu

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B4: Cause and Effect and Correlation
Before completing this week’s discussion question, review chapter 1 (pp 16-18 & 44-47) and read chapter 4 in your text.
In the United States, low income areas seem to have more crime and also more liquor stores than more prosperous areas. A study from Southern California states: “Each liquor store contributed an average of 3.4 violent crimes a year.”
Read the following article to familiarize yourself with this study and the issues involved:https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-01-me-60946-story.html.
Copy/paste the following outline into your Week 4 post and answer each italicized question (directly under the question). The outline is 277 words long, so your original post should be 200-300 more words (i.e., 477-577 words).
1. Can we say, based on this study, that the abundance of liquor stores in low-income neighborhoods is a causalfactor in the higher crime rates in these neighborhoods? (Support your answer, referencing a specific page in your text.)
2. In higher crime neighborhoods, there are also usually more police. Does that mean that police presence is a causal factor in higher crime rates? (Support your answer, referencing a specific page in your text.)
3. Based upon your reading of this article and your own thinking, develop a list of at least three possible causes of high crime rates.
4. Based upon your review of chapter 1 (pp 16-18 & 44-47), name the type of study you might design to determine which of your factors (from #3) are correlated with high neighborhood crime rates? (support your answer, referencing a specific page in your text)
5. Based upon your review of chapter 1 (pp 16-18 & 44-47), name the type of study you might design to determine which of your factors (from #3) are causal factors in high neighborhood crime rates? (support your answer, referencing a specific page in your text)
6. If you carried out the type of study you named in #4, what kind of statistical process would you use to determine if one of your factors is reliably correlated with high crime rates? Explain (in your own words), using page 179 in your text).
7. Which type of study (the one you named in #4 or the one you named in #5) do you think would be more useful to a neighborhood experiencing high crime rates? Why? Do you see any purpose in carrying out the less useful one, instead (i.e., when might you carry out that study instead of the more useful one)?

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