Attached are 2 discussion posts that I have to reply to two peer-reviewed journa

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Attached are 2 discussion posts that I have to reply to two peer-reviewed journals are needed per reply.
Discussion 1
Governance Structure
An organization’s corporate governance structure generally includes an elected board of directors and a selected top management group to make essential strategic and financial decisions for an organization (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek 2015). Corporate governance refers to the relationship among the Board of Directors (BOD), Management Board, functional managers, and shareholders (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015, Wheelen et al., 2017). The board of directors (BOD) can include members of management and external directors.
Two identified corporate governance theories describing the behaviors and roles of managers are Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015). The agency theory suggests a majority of the governing board needs to be from outside the organization attempting to prevent self-serving acts (Wheelen et al., 2017). The agency theory supports less biased actions, again self-serving in nature. The agency theory’s motivation approach is solely financial, whereas the stewardship theory wants to guarantee the continued life and success of the organization ( Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015).
The organizational structure and governance of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. consist of elected and appointed members acting to establish and implement policies as needed. The national executive committee, both elected and appointed members, strategizes based on needs, experience, and available resources (Stacey, 2015). The key motivating factor for the executive committee caters to the Stewardship Theory. Members of the sorority are most interested in the satisfaction of a job well done (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek 2015). The executives are motivated to act in the organization’s best interests rather than self-interests (Wheelen et al., 2017).
The stewardship theory embraces achievement, success, and survival (Wheelen et al., 2017), the essence of the sorority. The 109-year-old sorority aims to help make life good for the sorority and community members. Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. is a public service organization whose mission is the development of the members and public service to the community. The sorority’s Board of Directors includes the National President, National First Vice President, National Second Vice President, National Secretary, National Treasurer, and seven Regional Directors who are elected. Twenty chairpersons representing committees critical to the organization’s success are appointed to the BOD. The most effective boards accomplish much of their work through committees (Wheelen et al., 2017). The relationship between the National Executive Committee and the Board of Directors is one of principal and steward (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek 2015). The stewardship theory suggests executives care more about a company’s long-term success (Wheelen et al., 2017); the founders’ vision is a lifetime commitment to community service
References
Glinkowska, B., & Kaczmarek, B. (2015). Classical and modern concepts of corporate governance (Stewardship Theory and Agency Theory). Management, 19(2), 84-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/manment-2015-0015
Stacey, R. (2015). Strategic Management and Organisational Dynamics eBook ePub. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781292078779/
Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., & Bamford, C. E. (2017). Strategic Management and Business Policy (15th Edition). Pearson Education (US). https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780134538662
Discussion 2
Corporate governance structure determines how the distribution of rights and responsibilities between the different parties in the organization sets decision-making rules and procedures (Pei Zhi & Ramzan, 2020). This is important as these rules determine how the company operates and how it aligns the interests of all its stakeholders. Two concepts associated with corporate governance are stewardship theory and agency theory. Both ideas “describe the behavior of the managers, members of the supervisory boards, and the role of supervisory boards” concerning the management board of a company (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015).
Agency theory is more of a “rational individual” in which they are furthering their interests to maximize their usefulness (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015). The supervisory board in this concept is constantly monitoring the management board’s activities. The situational factors are control mechanisms, individualism, and high power distance (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015). Stewardship theory, on the other hand, focuses more on managerial behavior. The motivating factor for this concept is the satisfaction of getting a job well done. This behavior is also pro-organizational because it aligns with the organization’s interests (Chrisman, 2019). There is no conflict between the managers and the shareholders as in the agency theory. The supervisory board lends support to the management board, giving their advice and sharing their experience and skills (Thiel, Winter et al., 2018). The situational factors are trust, engagement, collectivism, and low power distance (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015). The main difference between the two theories is the method of motivation. In Agency theory, the motivators are solely financial, where the basis is dependent on the organization’s financial needs. In Stewardship theory, “satisfactory remuneration” is enough, and they are motivated by higher-level needs such as progress and achievements (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2015).
My firm’s corporate governance mostly aligns with the Stewardship theory. Even though there are conflicts of interest, the board members always take care and prioritize the company’s claims to “further promote and develop the organization” (Nasiri, Takian et al., 2019). The organization’s values include partnership, compassion, and innovation. They collaborate with patients and staff on the best treatment options, deliver care in a personalized and humanized way, and constantly seek innovation. In addition, my firm is motivated by the Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade to provide safe care, protecting patients from errors, injuries, accidents, and infections, and has won this achievement for the sixth consecutive time. In addition, at my organization, health policies are formed every year, visions and strategies are revisited to see if they need to be re-developed, and they are using collective intelligence to bring satisfaction and organizational success.
References
Glinkowska, B., & Kaczmarek, B. (2015). Classical and modern concepts of corporate governance (stewardship theory and agency theory). Management, 19(2), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1515/manment-2015-0015
Nasiri, T., Takian, A., & Yazdani, S. (2019). Stewardship in health, designing a multi-layer meta model: a review article. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48(4), 579-592.
Pei Zhi, W., & Ramzan, M. (2020). Do corporate governance structure and capital structure matter for the performance of the firms? An empirical testing with the contemplation of outliers. PLOS One, 15(2), e0229157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229157
Thiel, A., Winter, V., & Buchner, V. (2018). Board characteristics, governance objectives, and hospital performance: an empirical analysis of German hospitals. Health Care Management Review, 43(4), 282-292. https://doi.org/10.1097/HMR.0000000000000153

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