ANTH1001: Awa & The Baruya- Pre-Literate Societies Life- Research Essay Writing Assignment

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Internal Code: TV768
Research Essay Writing Assignment:

Task:

Q1 Critically evaluates the role of female rites in the Awa and the Baruya. How would you classify these rites, as Rites of Passage, Initiation Rituals? Explain the reasoning behind your response.

Word count: 900-950
In Pre-literate societies life cycle rituals such as birth, puberty, marriage and death were often celebrated with elaborate rituals and these rituals are called “Rite of passage” (Fewster 2018:1). Van Gennep defined “rites of passage”

originally as “the life of an individual in any society is a series of passages from one age to another” in 1909 in his book “Rites de Passage”(Fewster 2018:1). The rites of passage are divided into three phases that are separation, margin or limen and re-aggregation and paradox is the heart of rites of passage (Fewster 2018:2, 3)

Female rites usually celebrate the fertility and sexuality and associated with puberty via individual rites (Fewster 2018:7). An anthropologist called La Fontaine defined puberty as a family affair done individually for each girl and the initiation rites were collective and done socially for the girl fully integrate into community (Fewster 2018:7). However, many puberty rites are not initiation rituals and they were considered as two statuses changes from being an infertile girl to a fertile and avoid the symbolic danger of an anomalous period (Fewster 2018:6, 8,11).

In Awa, the female rites were not the onset of menstruation. The bleeding of nose can stimulates the women’s life force and increase physical stamina. The pain inflicted on women’s genitalia energized bodily substances that can help to procreate and strength the reproductive organs to withstand the trauma of childbirth (Fewster 2018:9).

In Baruya, the female rites occur after the seclusion of first menstruation and the rites were preludes to marriage (Fewster 2018:10). In addition, the ceremony for women were performed when their betrothed is a kalave and the acceptance of the bark cloth cloaks signifies their acceptance of the marriage and the rituals were collective in that most women and children of the community will attend (Fewster 2018:10). As the girls’ breasts swell and puberty set in, they noses will be pierced without ceremony near the village (Godekier 1986:40).

After the girls have their first period, awaiting the beginning of the tchangitnia ceremony, their female members will come to build her a hut and they have to stay there without eating and less drinking for a week (Godekier 1986:40).

The effects for the rites can be conclude as clarify status, clarify ease the transition, clarify female roles, uphold the authority of older women over younger women, uphold the subservience of all women to all men and give instruction in sexual conduct and tribal lore and inculcate mores and beliefs of society (Fewster 2018:12).

Q2 Discuss traditional male/ female relations in Highland Papua New Guinea and assess the impact of modernizing forces on these relationships. (Use Bride for Barter Video and reading: Tamakoshi and Wardlow and lecture slides)

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Posted on : February 23rd, 2018
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