The benefit of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is one that some fire and em

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The benefit of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is one that some fire and emergency services (FES) agencies may not utilize to its full potential. A fully functioning and capable GIS system can answer questions regarding 5 topics that are aid an agency when forecasting needs for the future. Those topics cover location, condition, trends, routing, patterns, and modeling (Maguire, 1991). All of these areas can be covered through data analysis via GIS. Taking into consideration how difficult it may have been to obtain this detailed information in the past, GIS can really help to show stakeholders how an FES agency can grow effectively and show financial responsibility to the community in which they serve.
FES agencies who may be experiencing growth in their jurisdiction may have trouble justifying additional stations or even personnel. Incorporating GIS data into the proposals for new stations or increased personnel can provide objective information to the stakeholders so that they may make the most informed decision. GIS mapping software can provide hotspots that may be falling outside of a given fire districts response time criteria. This perspective can be applied horizontally as well as vertically. Many urban city cores are growing upwards with high-rise buildings being the only way to increase density within city borders. Having GIS information available to administrators within a FES agency can help to solidify a position where increases in personnel and stations are required.
GIS data can also be applied to current policies and structures that guide an agency to an effective response for a particular emergency. Misterek (2008) states, disaster planning is an attempt to identify who and what would be harmed in a given situation and how resources might be applied to mitigate the harm presented. An example of this and its correlation with GIS information is the identification of any assisted living facilities (ALF) or skilled nursing facilities (SNF) within a jurisdiction. The application of GIS data to identify these areas where a large number of sick or infirmed individuals may be located can help to provide responders with a template on how to properly respond to an emergency within one of these facilities. This practice can be applied to any high-hazard target within a municipality. Applying information gleamed from GIS data can help to not only better prepare agencies for the future, but also for the responses today.
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