14A cabrillo beach asa)))) Answer ONE of the following questions using the info

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14A cabrillo beach asa))))
Answer ONE of the following questions using the information from the Cabrillo Beach ASA (Lab 14A).
Some questions have multiple parts. Answer all parts of your chosen question.
You may choose which question to answer.
Evidence for Phytoplankton in the Water
During the ASA, we visited the 4 major kinds of coastal ocean environments:
(i) an estuary (the harbor water),
(ii) a rocky beach,
(iii) a sandy beach, and
(iv) a wetland.
In which of the coastal environments (estuary/harbor, water by a rocky beach, water by a sandy beach, wetland) were phytoplankton most abundant in the water
Describe the ONE observation that best supports the claim that phytoplankton were more abundant in this environment than the other 3 environments, and explain how or why it supports the claim.
Explanation for the Spatial Distribution of Phytoplankton
During the ASA, we visited the 4 major kinds of coastal ocean environments:
(i) an estuary (the harbor water),
(ii) a rocky beach,
(iii) a sandy beach, and
(iv) a wetland.
In which of the coastal environments (estuary/harbor, water by a rocky beach, water by a sandy beach, wetland) were phytoplankton most abundant in the water?
Why are phytoplankton more abundant in this environment than the other 3 environments? To answer this question, identify the MOST IMPORTANT reason the that phytoplankton population is higher in the environment, and explain why phytoplankton thrive under these conditions.
The Benefits of Wetlands
Describe two ways in which natural wetlands benefit (help) people. Explain how or why wetlands provide these benefits. In other words, what do wetlands and the things living in wetlands do?
The Breakwater and Pollution
Why was the breakwater built? How does it benefit (help) people?
Where is the water more polluted, at the inner beach (next to the harbor) or the outer beach (next to the ocean)?
Why is the water more polluted in this place? As part of your answer, discuss the role of the breakwater.
Water Pollution
What is the worst form of water pollution? In other words, what is the pollutant?
How does the pollutant typically get into the water by our beaches?
How are people exposed to the pollutant?
What kind of damage or harm does the pollutant do?
14B rocky shore asa)))
Answer ONE of the following questions using the information from the Rocky Shore ASA (Lab 14B).
Some questions have multiple parts. Answer all parts of your chosen question.
You may choose which question to answer.
Evidence for the Relative Weathering Rates of Igneous and Sedimentary Rock
What kind of rock weathers (“erodes”) more quickly at Bluff Cove, the igneous rock or the sedimentary rock?
What did you see during the ASA that supports your claim?
Describe your observations, and explain your reasoning.
Evidence for the Vertical Motion of Palos Verdes
Is the land of Palos Verdes rising or sinking?
Describe observational evidence that we saw during the ASA which indicates whether the land is rising or sinking.
Then, explain how or why these observations support your claim.
Characteristics of Erosional Coasts
Erosional coasts are coasts with narrow beaches (few sediments) on the shore protecting the coasts from erosion.
Features common along erosional coasts include:
● rocky beaches,
● headlands,
● coves,
● sea stacks,
● coastal cliffs,
● sea caves, and
● marine terraces.
List of characteristics:
● ancient volcanic activity: lava pushed upwards through sedimentary rock in the past
● coast rises during earthquakes
● lots of rivers and streams reach the coast
● a shallow, wide continental shelf
● large waves that go straight towards the coast (do not come into the coast at an angle)
● small waves that come into the coast at an angle
Which of the characteristics above are characteristics of erosional coasts?
Explain how or why these characteristics produce some of the features commonly found along erosional coasts.
Evidence for a Wave-Cut Terrace at Bluff Cove
According to your instructor, there is a wave-cut terrace at the entrance to Bluff Cove.
What is the best evidence that you saw during the ASA that supports this claim?
Describe what you observed. Note: We could not see the terrace during our visit to Bluff Cove, because it is beneath the water.
Explain why these observations indicate that the bottom of the cove is a wave-cut terrace.
In other words, explain how or why a wave-cut terrace produces these observations.
Evidence for the Tides
In general, there are always two or more ideas (hypotheses) that might explain a set of observations. The question always is: which idea explains the observations best? For example, at the coast we saw evidence that supports the idea that sea level was higher prior to our visit, but another possible explanation is that an unusually large wave (a “freak” wave) produced the observations.
What observational evidence did we see during the ASA that sea level was higher prior to our arrival at the coast and had gone down?
To answer this question:
(i) Describe at least two different observations IN DETAIL, and
(ii) explain how the change in sea level created the observed conditions. In other words, why does each observation indicate that sea level was higher earlier in the day?
Then, (iii) explain why a freak wave is a less likely explanation for the observations. As part of your argument, discuss and describe how waves differ from tides.
“In detail” means that descriptions of observations like “the wet sand” will not be sufficient.
In part this is because more a more detailed description is necessary to differentiate between observations produced by waves and observations produced by tides.
Evidence for the Origin of the Sediments on the Beach at Bluff Cove
(a)
Where did most of the sediments on the beach at Bluff Cove come from?
In other words, what were they weathered (“eroded”) from?
What weathered and/ or eroded them?
Possibilities include:
● Came down the rivers of distant mountains and were pushed down the down the coast to the beach by…
● Eroded from the bottom of the ocean and then were pushed up out of the ocean onto the beach by…
● Eroded from the nearby cliffs by…and fell onto the beach.
(b)
Describe the SIZES and SHAPES of the sediments that you observed during our expedition to Bluff Cove.
How do these observations support your claim about where the sediments on the beach at Bluff Cove come from?
In other words, explain why the sediments that you observed probably came from the source that you identified above AND could not have come from the other sources.

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