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PLEASE ANSWER EACH QUESTIONS Your first step before starting this assignment is to read my comments on your Small Assignment I. Please avoid making the same mistakes from assignment to assignment. Simply put, repeating mistakes does not work in your favor. Exam I A) Instructions/Notes • Your exam should be no more than seven (total) doubled-spaced typed pages in font size 12 in Arial or Times New Roman. Those exams typed in font size smaller than 12 will be rejected. The margins should be 1”, 1”, 1”, 1”. • Exam I requires students to answer two questions (see below). Please note the allocation of pages per question is up to you. For as long as you do not go beyond seven pages you will be OK. Please also note each question will be graded independently. Please do no lump your answers together as one essay. Your exam will be rejected if you do so. You can use an eighth page for references only. • Please note that this assignment must be submitted electronically via “Turnitin.” Please also note that your “Similarity Index” must be 15% or lower. • Quotes must be no more than two lines. I am not grading other authors. I am grading you. • As a suggestion, when citing your textbooks simply use the authors’ last names followed by the page number(s) where you found the information. Please use “p.” for one page and “pp.” for multiple pages, ., (Leonard, ), (Bell et al., pp. 2- 3), (Bell et al., , 5, and 78). If you would like to cite lectures, please just use (Lecture) or (Slides). If you cite a film, please use the title of the film between quotation marks; you can abbreviate the title. • Outside sources of information must be cited in your narrative and in full in the last page of the exam. • Do not lose track of what is being asked. Please make sure you have answered all the elements (or items or sub-questions) of the question. The first question that I ask myself when I am done reading your essays is, “Did this student answer all the elements of the question?” In addition, tie or connect your statements as much as possible to the question(s). • Please keep in mind in sociology we are interested in relationships such as correlations or causal relationships between variables. For us, the world has order and can be explained through these correlations and causal relationships; for us, “the world is more than a series of random events” (sociologist Herb Costner). When answering your exam try to highlight some of these relationships. To think sociologically is to reflect on how “things are shaped by other things” (or how events are shaped by other events or occurrences). B) Exam Questions Please note you must answer both Part I and Part II. You have no choice in Part I and three choices in Part II. Part I: NO CHOICE 1. Explain the differences between materialist and idealist perspectives in environmental sociology (see course slides and Bell et al., pp 4-10). What does French scholar Bruno Latour have to say about this issue? Why is this topic important? Does it affect our understanding of environmental issues? Provide an example. Does examining environmental problems from an idealist perspective add to a better understanding of them, and help with solutions? Explain and provide an example. Please cite lecture notes and Bell et al. (30 points) Part II: Answer one and ONLY one of the three choices below. Please number your choice (70 points): 2. Using your lecture notes, Barbosa’s article (iLearn), and readings of Bell et al. Chs. 3&4, please provide a summary of the basic elements of treadmill of production theory, one that includes both how the treadmill functions economically and its reliance on the social system. Why is treadmill theory viewed as a neo-Marxist theory? What is the theory all about? What are its basic components? Explain them. Do Bell and Ashwood describe additional treadmills besides treadmill of production? List and explain them. Your answer should provide specific examples from the book, Barbosa’s article, and lectures. Please cite pages. 3. Why is world-system theory a neo-Marxist theory? What do world-system theorists mean by the “Long Sixteenth Century?” What is the connection between this period and the global stratification system? What are the three ranks that countries can occupy in the world system? What is a commodity chain? Why is this concept important for the understanding of environmental problems? What are boxes? What do commodity chains allow us to do? What did Professor mean by politicization of commodity chains? You should cite slides, Barbosa’s article, and Leonard’s (for supply chain examples). 4. Using your lecture notes and readings of Bell et al. Ch. 8 and Barbosa’s article (iLearn), please provide a summary of the basic elements of ecological modernization theory. Why is it viewed as a Neo-liberal theory? How is this related to Adam Smith? What is the theory all about? What are its main concepts? Explain them. Are there criticisms to ecological modernization theory (see Bell et al. Ch. 8)? What is your overall educated opinion of the theory? Your answer should cite your textbook, Barbosa’s article, and lectures. Please cite pages.