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Read (required): The Cruel Years, pp. 121-129
Read (required ): Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom, Chap. 13
Style format: 12 point font, double spaced lines, one inch page margins, no extra spaces
between paragraphs, indented first sentences of paragraphs. A bibliography is unnecessary if
you use footnotes or endnotes. You do not need to provide a title page.
File format: a single .doc, .docx, .rtf or .pdf file
Assignment prompt:
Write a 3-5 page paper that makes an argument about the historical significance of one of the
primary sources from The Cruel Years assigned to the class in unit 4 (Feb. 23-March 9).
Your paper should have an introduction where you articulate this significance claim as the
paper’s thesis statement. This thesis statement should explain as specifically as possible how
the source either 1) supports, 2) adds to, or 3) challenges one of the arguments in the
secondary source assigned on the same day as the primary source. For instance, if writing about
the primary source for Feb. 25 (“An African American Woman: Surviving the South”), the
significance claim would explain how that text supports, adds to, to challenges arguments in
the secondary source (Franklin, “The Era of Self-Help”, Chap. 13 in From Slavery to Freedom).
A good test of whether your thesis is sufficiently specific is if it answers a how or why question.
If, for instance, your thesis states that a primary source adds a “personal” or “emotional”
perspective to our understanding of a particular topic in U.S. history, but doesn’t explain how or
why, then it is incomplete because it is not sufficiently specific.
To prove your thesis in your paper requires demonstrating an ability to summarize and analyze
a primary source, as well as summarize and analyze at least one argument contained in a
secondary source. Failure to do both of these things will make the paper incomplete.
Your paper’s body paragraphs should therefore have three parts: 1) summarize the primary
source in its entirety, 2) summarize the secondary source in its entirety, and then 3)
demonstrate how or why the primary source supports, adds to or challenges the secondary
source argument that you’ve described. You may present each section in any order you like.
Each section may be one long paragraph, or can be broken into multiple paragraphs organized
around particular topics. Each body paragraph must begin with a topic sentence that
summarizes the subject of the paragraph. Each body paragraph must also present evidence— in
the form of a quote or information drawn from assigned reading— to support its claims.
Your summary and analysis of the primary source should include the following: the name of the
person (if it is provided), roughly what time period the story covers (if it can be discerned), what
places the story describes, what topics the story covers, and what argument(s) you believe the
author is making. As part of your descriiption, you may want to consider the role of work in the
person’s life; their experience of economic, racial, citizenship, and/ or gender inequality; their
views on what kind of country the U.S. is and their place within it; and how they’ve responding
to difficulty or pain. These are potential subjects—you are not required to cover all of them.
Your summary of the secondary source should include the author’s name, the book’s full title,
the date it was published, and a summary of its main argument or arguments in the chapter or
sections that you read.
Your demonstration that the primary source supports, adds to, or challenges an argument in
the secondary source should contrast the two texts.
Your paper should have a short conclusion. The conclusion presumes that you have already
proven your argument, so you don’t have to restate it. Instead, it identifies the potential
significance (or implications) of your argument. Implications can include (but do not have to be
limited to): the value of studying primary sources to understand history, the value of studying
the particular topic you wrote about, questions about 19th century U.S. history deserving
greater study, or the potential relevance of 19th century U.S. history to understanding
something about the present.
Important Note Regarding the Topic from Feb. 23 (Chinese Americans)
It is important to note that the secondary source for Feb. 23 draws from the primary source
assigned for that day. Therefore your significance claim must evaluate how the secondary
source author used the primary source, and then explain how your interpretation of the
primary source (including passages the secondary source author did not use) adds to, supports
or challenges the author’s analysis.