Explain your reasoning. Be sure that your three different examples can be accepted as true for distinct reasons.

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Discussion Forum III: Evaluating Premises
Preliminary Instructions: Read the PowerPoint presentations entitled “Evaluating Premises,” “The Public Dimension,” and “The Personal Dimension”.
Original Response Posting, Part One: Present an original example of three different claims that can be accepted as true. Explain your reasoning. Be sure that your three different examples can be accepted as true for distinct reasons.
Choose from these seven reasons to label your acceptable premises (use three different ones):
1. It is supported by a cogent sub-argument.
2. It is supported elsewhere by the arguer or another person, and this fact is noted.
3. It is known a priori to be true.
4. It is a matter of common knowledge.
5. It is supported by appropriate testimony, i.e., the claim is not implausible, the sources are reliable, and the claim is
restricted in content to experience.
6. It is supported by an appropriate appeal to authority.
7. The premise is not known to be rationally acceptable, but it can be accepted provisionally for the purpose of argument.
Original Response Posting, Part Two: Present an original example of three different claims that can be rejected as false. Explain your reasoning. Be sure that your three different examples are false for distinct reasons.
Choose from these seven reasons to label your unacceptable premises (use three different ones):
1. One or more premises are refutable because of common knowledge, a priori knowledge, or reliable knowledge from
testimony or authority.
2. One or more premises are a priori false.
3. Several premises, taken together, produce a contradiction, so that the premises are explicitly or implicitly inconsistent.
4. One or more premises are vague or ambiguous to such an extent that it is not possible to determine what sort of evidence
would establish them as acceptable or unacceptable.
5. One or more premises depend on an assumption that is either refutable or highly controversial.
6. For the audience to whom the argument is addressed, the premises are less acceptable than the conclusion.
7. One or more premises would not be rationally acceptable to any person who did not already accept the
conclusion. In this case, the argument begs the question or is circular.
Original Response Posting, Part Three: Four of the items below are psychological defense mechanisms (PDM) and two are fallacies from The Public Dimension. Choose your ANSWERS from the following: denial, stereotyping, prejudice, scapegoating, projection, introjection, rationalizing, positioning, unknowable fact, novelty, provincialism, argument from ignorance, unreliable authority, traditional wisdom, and popularity. Choose the ONE fallacy or PDM that best labels EACH item and then defend your choices in two to three sentences for each. To make it easier to analyze and to get the practice, try standardizing the argument put forward by each item.
1. Frank says, “The main reason I can’t get an engineering job is because of these blasted illegal immigrants taking them
from me!”
2. B.J. Lagoon argues, “Aren’t we supposed to be able to show how proud we are of the United States of America by lighting off
fireworks on the Fourth of July? Then why is it illegal for people to light fireworks on their private property? It is a victory for
terrorists every time an American is written a ticket for patriotic fireworks displays.”
3. Lorena Twitbaum asserts, “Wayne does not mean to hit me. He just gets so angry at his job is all.”
4. Ronald Burgerkaiser hates the way Muslim terrorists get involved in the internal affairs of other countries.
He can’t stand the way they won’t stay out of other countries’ business. That’s why Ronald has
decided to enlist in the U. S. Army. He hopes he’ll get to go to Kraplakistan or Ignomenia.
5. After only two weeks of class, Kendra wears her hair in a similar fashion to that of Prof. Bryant. She’s been espousing Marxist
rhetoric at parties. She even claims to be a “born-again atheist,” claiming that she hates her Baptist upbringing accusing it
of being a “phallocentric institution that enables men to subjugate women without remorse.”
6. Professor Semple: “The whole question of psychic phenomena is absurd! Parapsychologists have never established
a scientific basis for their concepts. The plain truth is that psychic experiences have no basis in science.”

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