Explain why children who have experienced trauma may have difficulty managing their emotions and arousal levels.

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Trauma-informed care/trauma-based interventions is an emerging area of practice for occupational therapists. Exposure to trauma/adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) during critical periods of development is correlated with structural changes in the brain that may result in developmental, physical, cognitive, or emotional delays or difficulties. Additionally, individuals who have experienced complex trauma often misperceive or misinterpret sensory information and demonstrate maladaptive or developmentally inconsistent ways of self-regulating. While there are studies supporting the effectiveness of cognitive (talk therapy, top-down approach) behavioral therapies in reducing PTSD symptoms for some individuals, research also suggests that during times of stress or dysregulation, people are less likely to benefit from cognitive approaches. Further, the current literature on complex trauma indicates that children and youth process trauma on a somatosensory level and a phase-oriented approach emphasizing bottom-up approaches to self-regulation is needed before top-down cognitive approaches can be effectively used. In other words, it is important to begin with an approach that is less language-based and more sensory-based to support self-regulation because when an individual is dysregulated, they are unable to access higher cortical brain functions necessary for effective communication and problem solving. Please consider this information and review the required readings for this week as you answer the following questions.
Using a sensory lens, please explain why children who have experienced trauma may have difficulty managing their emotions and arousal levels. (Use this week’s readings and other relevant resources to support your answer.)
Using the PEO model, briefly describe sensory approaches to address concerns with sensory modulation/sensory processing/self-regulation in children who have experienced trauma. (HINT: Refer to p. 211-213 in Fraser et al. to get you started)
Finally, I absolutely love TED Talks and this is a great opportunity to share one of my favorites that happens to be very relevant to our discussion this week. I believe it is something all clinicians should watch as it provides very poignant information about the impact of trauma across the lifespan. Please view this TED Talk and discuss (don’t just list) the 3 points that most resonated with you and why.

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