What pronouns do you use?

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1) Please select 3-4 questions to answer. Be sure to submit a discussion post with proper punctuation, grammar, and at least 300 words. Please cite!
DISCUSSION 1:
-What would you like for us to know about you? (Major, career goals, hobbies, accomplishments, etc.)
-What pronouns do you use?
-Name 2 singers or groups to know you by. Ex: During my childhood car rides to Texas we listened to The Isley Brothers and Al Green on repeat.
-Name 2 movies or TV shows to know you by. Ex: I always stop to watch The Godfather/The Godfather Part II and Love Jones whenever they are on TV.
-Describe something that you were originally apprehensive of; however, after trying it, you loved it. Ex: I grew up eating grits with butter and sugar (no judgments, please), and I thought that oatmeal looked like mush. I tried it a few years back, and I can now say that I love oatmeal. I cannot believe that I wasted so much time refusing to eat it.
-Who has cultivated your genius or has inspired you to become the best version of yourself? It can be someone that you have never met.
-If you could create a mutual aid program to assist people in your community, who would you help?
DISCUSSION 2:
—
-Question 1: Do you view the U.S. Constitution as a document that should be interpreted as the founders created it in 1787 (originalist theory) or as a living document that should be interpreted to reflect the changes in America? Does guaranteeing “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” for those who feel oppressed under the current U.S. Constitution depend on how the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) interprets the law? What would that mean for historically excluded groups (HEG’s are people who have been excluded from receiving the full rights and privileges in society. Ex: women, people of color, the LGBTQ+ community, people with disabilities, etc.)? Why are some people still granted more rights than others? Should the demographic changes in the U.S. population reflect how the U.S. Constitution is interpreted? Why?
Question 1 Breakdown (You may select 1 question to answer or answer multiple questions.): When the U.S. Constitution was originally written the only people who had power were wealthy, land-holding White men. That means that if you were a poor White man, a woman, a person of color, or a person with a disability then you did not have the ability to vote, make decisions, or have true freedom. The framers of the U.S. Constitution attempted to draft a document that could evolve over time. When the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) considers cases like reproductive rights and gun rights, it depends on how they interpret the U.S. Constitution. View: Should We Consider the Constitution to Be ‘Living’ or ‘Dead’?
Questions: Now that you have reviewed the video, do you think that the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted as a ‘dead’ document (originalist theory) or as a ‘living’ document? Why? If you view the U.S. Constitution as a ‘dead’ document (originalist theory), then how does that impact historically excluded groups or the people originally left out of the U.S. Constitution? There are now more people of color in America, should the U.S. Constitution change to reflect the new demographic changes? How can the U.S. Constitution guarantee “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” for oppressed people?
Question 2: Within the system of separation of powers, provide 1 recourse the current executive and legislative branches have to counteract potential political overreach if SCOTUS overturns Roe v. Wade. Explain how checks and balance would work if a liberal-leaning president refused to execute the orders of a conservative-leaning SCOTUS. What would be the political, social, and democratic implications? Would it be constitutional for SCOTUS to overturn Roe v. Wade but in the New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen case, state that citizens have the right to bear arms without governmental influence?
Question 2 Breakdown (You will need to answer the questions with the bolded words- SEPERATION OF POWERS and CHECK AND BALANCE. You may find further information on the vocabulary words in Chapter 2: 3 Things to Know and in the videos): Based on the system of SEPERATION OF POWERS, what can the executive branch and legislative branch do if SCOTUS decides to overturn Roe v. Wade or make abortions illegal? How would CHECKS AND BALANCE work if a president decided not to execute or enforce a decision made by SCOTUS? How would those actions impact politics, society, and democracy in America? Would it be just or constitutional, if SCOTUS made abortion illegal (overturned Roe v. Wade) but allowed New Yorkers to carry guns without governmental influence (New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen)?
Question 3. Many of the states with the most restrictive abortion laws have the most relaxed gun laws. On September 1, 2021, Texas HB 1927 instituted “open carry”. Is there a correlation between reproductive rights and gun rights? Who deserves the right to life? Why are gun rights and abortion rights viewed differently? Why have reproductive rights become more of a partisan fight vs a fight over beliefs? Who profits and why was the narrative created? What happens when your individual right infringes on the rights of others?
Question 3 Breakdown (You may select 1 question to answer or answer multiple questions.): Are reproductive rights and gun rights treated the same? Is abortion usually viewed as killing a life and gun ownership viewed as the ability to protect oneself? Who deserves the right to live? Why are gun rights and abortion rights viewed differently? Why have reproductive rights become more of a political fight vs a fight over beliefs? Is someone making money by creating a division between gun rights and reproductive rights? What happens when your individual right violates the rights of others?
Required Reading (Yes, I want you to read these items.)
Solum, L. (2019). Originalism Versus Living Constitutionalism: The Conceptual Structure of the Great Debate. Scholarly Commons. https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1376&context=nulr (Links to an external site.) PDF: Solum.Originalism Versus Living Constitutionalism The Conceptual Structure of the Great Debate.pdf
Oyez. (n.d.) Dobbs vs. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2021/19-1392
DISCUSSION 3:
– Introduction
We just passed the first anniversary of the January 6th insurrection, where domestic terrorists sought to overthrow the November 2020 election and decertify votes of mostly historically excluded groups (HEG’s) or those originally left out of the Constitution. Some of the insurrectionists were seen wearing anti-Semitic attire and insignia affiliated with white supremacist groups. Dr. Robert Pape from the University of Chicago analyzed the demographics of 377 alleged insurrectionists who were arrested. His report (Links to an external site.) found that those arrested came from communities with a decreased population of White people and an increase in diverse populations. Dr. Pape noted, “We’re finding evidence that the key driver is fear that rights of Hispanic people and Black people are outpacing the rights of white people.” The FBI (Links to an external site.) has issued several warnings on the increase in “domestic terrorism” and white supremacy in America. Based on the 2020 U.S. Census data, not only is the U.S. becoming more diverse, so is Texas. People of color in Texas now outnumber the White population. Is there a bigger relationship between the increase in people of color in America and the rise in “domestic terrorism”?
Why am I mentioning the 1/6/21 U.S. Capital insurrection? Because the main goal of the insurrectionists was to “stop the steal” by trying to decertify millions of valid votes and ensure that former President Trump remained president. The Trump administration’s attorney general, William Barr (Links to an external site.) confirmed that there was not “wide spread fraud in the 2020 election”.
-Data: (You will need to incorporate data into your assignment to fulfill the Quality of Evidence portion of the discussion rubric. Feel free to use the information below to support your argument.)
FairVote. (n.d.) Voter Turnout. https://www.fairvote.org/voter_turnout#voter_turnout_101 (Links to an external site.)
NBC News. (2021, August 21). Census Shows A More Diverse, Urban America. YouTube. [Video].
https://youtu.be/cqJwKu4dNSk (Links to an external site.)
Statewide Database. (n.d.) Election Data. https://statewidedatabase.org/election.html (Links to an external site.)
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). Quick Facts: United States. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/HSD410219 (Links to an external site.) (You will see this item several times throughout the course, so you may want to become familiar with it.)
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). Voting and Registration. https://www.census.gov/topics/public-sector/voting.html
– Discussion Overview
Let’s discuss the federal government’s role in voting rights. Historically, voting rights have been bipartisan. Former Republican presidents Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush were avid supporters of voting rights. Why are voting rights now controversial? Does it have to do with the changing demographics of the country?
According to the Brenner Center for Justice, state lawmakers in over 48 states have introduced bills to restrict access to voting, and 18 of those bills have been passed into law. Including Texas Senate Bill 7. Many republicans cite election concerns from November 2020 and believe that the new restrictions are necessary to ensure election security. The opposition believes that the restrictive provisions disenfranchise communities of color, the disabled, and low-income populations.
Advocates and most Congressional Democrats have been working to pass the Freedom to Vote Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act to guarantee free and fair elections. Currently, Democrats control the U.S. House by a slim majority and the U.S. Senate is equally divided among party lines with Vice President Harris breaking tie votes. Currently, there are 2 U.S. Senate Democrats (Sen. Sinema (AZ) and Sen. Manchin (WV)) who have been on the fence on changing the filibuster and plan to vote against passing voting rights legislation. President Biden has received backlash from some progressive Democrats because they feel that he should have used his political capital to guarantee voting rights because they are fundamental for an equitable society.
Many Republicans are against the aforementioned voting rights legislation because many feel that elections should be decided by the state, same-day voter registration would create avenues for voter fraud, and that components of the legislation is an overreach of federalism. Many Republicans support the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act and the Electoral Count Act because both would prevent state election officials from trying to undo state-certified elections that were fairly run.
– Assignment
(You will need to answer the items in bold because they connect to the course and account for the Knowledge of Subject Manner on the discussion rubric. You may find further information on the topics in Chapter 3: 3 Things to Know.)
1. Watch the videos below on voting rights legislation and changing the filibuster.
Brennan Center for Justice. (2021, January 19.) The Fight to Vote: A Conversation with Michael Waldman and Melissa Murray. (YouTube). [Video].
https://youtu.be/8fLxoik2yuI (Links to an external site.)
The Heritage Foundation. (2021, April 13). Safeguarding our Elections: A Conversation with Sen. Rand Paul. (YouTube). [Video].
https://youtu.be/AFj2-2mI6eg (Links to an external site.)
Senator John Cornyn. (2022, January 19). Cornyn Outlines GOP Wish List if Schumer Ends Filibuster. (YouTube). [Video].
https://youtu.be/2MDyQBbW1Vw (Links to an external site.)
2. Draft a persuasive argument for or against federal intervention to enact voting rights legislation (it is okay to be neutral, but you must state your reasoning). Think about the religious, political, cultural, economic, and societal implications of voting rights legislation.
Your submission must include the components below in essay format:
Provide a brief introduction of the voting rights legislation. 1-2 sentence(s)
Give context and/or background on voting rights. 2-3 sentences
Describe how federalism divides power and resources between the U.S. federal government and state governments regarding elections. 1-2 sentence(s)
Detail possible limitations of federalism and how the overreach may negatively impact voting rights. 1-2 sentence(s)
Explain how federalism can impede or promote social justice work in ensuring free and fair elections. 1-2 sentence(s)
Share your position on the voting rights legislation. (Acknowledge opposing viewpoints, if applicable.) 2-3 sentences
List facts/data/evidence that supports your argument. (You may want to include your data/statistics here.) 2-3 sentences
Summarize your argument. Do you have questions or a call to action? 1-2 sentence(s)
Include at least 2 citations
Your submission should read like an essay. I added the sentence length to assist those who prefer more detail. I am more concerned about the structure and quality of your argument. Your grade will be negatively impacted if you do not answer the bold content-related questions, include data, and/or forget to list your citations. Be sure to review the discussion rubric in the ‘Start Here’ module.
Assignment Break Down
Your persuasive argument should follow this essay format.
1st Paragraph
In 1-2 sentence(s): Describe the issue surrounding the pending voting rights legislation. What is the problem? Why haven’t the bills passed? Who is for voting rights legislation and who is against it? Why?
In 2-3 sentences: Describe the history of voting rights in America? Why do we need the right to vote? Has everyone always had the right to vote? Who benefits when people do not have the right to vote? Why?
2nd Paragraph (You will need to answer all of the bullet points in this section. Visit the Chapter 3: Things to Know tab and view the video on federalism.)
In 1-2 sentence(s): Federalism divides power and resources between the U.S. federal government and state governments regarding elections. Describe how power and resources (money) are divided. Who has more power and control? Is federalism needed?
In 1-2 sentence(s): What are the limitations or negative impacts of federalism? What would happen if the federal government abused their power regarding voting rights? What could states do?
In 1-2 sentence(s): How can federalism can slow down or help to ensure that there are free and fair elections. Would there be free and fair elections without federalism?
3rd Paragraph
In 2-3 sentences: What do you think about the voting rights legislation? Is the legislation necessary to ensure that everyone has the right to vote? Can you understand the opposition?
In 2-3 sentences: Include facts/data/evidence to support your argument. (You will need to find your own research or visit the Data section of the discussion for sources.)
Provide a summary of your argument and a summary of paragraphs 1 and 2. Do you have questions or a call to action?
Citations
Include at least 2 citations.
DISCUSSION 5:
— Introduction
Is Poverty a Choice?
Visit the interactive tool below from the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), a nonpartisan office that creates independent analyses of budgetary and economic decisions for the U.S. Congress. Democratic and Republican congressional members alike rely on the CBO score before voting on legislation including the Build Back Better (BBB) agenda.
How Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage Could Affect Employment and Family Income (Links to an external site.)
Questions to Think About: Is poverty a choice or a consequence of poor policies? Is it beneficial for politicians to ensure that poverty exists? Would increasing the federal minimum wage help lift people out of poverty?
For this discussion, we are going to examine the wealth gap. During the first week in January, the newly elected mayor of New York City, Eric Adams drew criticism and a large debate regarding his comments on the role of “low skilled workers (Links to an external site.)”. The debate between the haves and have nots is not new. Many Americans have opted to join the “great resignation” rather than continue to work for low wages and inhumane conditions. Working-class Americans now have more power in the labor market.
There has been a new discourse surrounding capitalism and socialism. Some people believe that since America was built on capitalism, a free-market society allows poor people to achieve the American dream. While others believe that a capitalistic society has permitted America to build wealth on the backs of historically excluded groups, and the system perpetuates wealth inequities. You may have heard this statement before, “a small number of the wealthiest Americans own more wealth than the bottom 90%”. If you follow the stock market, you may remember the Robinhood/GameStop fiasco from January 2021. A small number of investors manipulated the stock market and won huge gains until trading platforms halted trade. (Thorbecke, 2021) The vast majority of conservatives and liberals agreed that ordinary people were being punished and considered as market manipulators; while the wealthy were able to legally short stock and trade freely.
In President Biden’s Build Back Better (BBB) agenda, he mentions lowering the cost of childcare, college, and healthcare among other things; plans to pay for it by raising taxes on corporate America and Americans making over $400K a year. (Biden’s Build Back Better is currently stalled in Congress and does not have bipartisan support.) House Democrats also plan to raise taxes on corporations and high-income earners to pay for social programs. (Schroeder, 2021). The Trump Administration’s 2017 tax bill drastically cut the individual income tax rate for high earners, reduced the tax on large inheritances, reduced the corporate tax rate from 21% to 35%, and created new deductions to benefit wealthy business owners. (Iacurci, 2021) Many conservatives felt that the tax cuts were needed to fuel business growth and that business growth would create more jobs. So, essentially, President Biden aims to reverse the tax cuts of the Trump Administration. Most of the governmental programs (stimulus, child tax credit, etc.) established during Covid to help lift people out of poverty are gone or will be gone soon. The aforementioned examples demonstrate how the powers of the president and governmental policies directly impact the ability of Americans to gain or obtain wealth. Does the president have the power to eliminate poverty in America? Should reducing the wealth gap and poverty be a higher priority for President Biden?
According to the Economic Policy Institute, in America before the pandemic, “140 million were either were poor or one emergency away from being poor, including approximately 60% of Black, non-Hispanic people (26 million); 64% of Hispanic people (38 million); 60% of indigenous people (2.15 million); 40% of Asian people (8 million); and 33% of white people (66 million)”. The middle class is shrinking, and the Federal Reserve estimates that the wealthiest Americans have 16 times more income than the bottom 50% of Americans.
In most societies, capitalism and socialism are not binary; they are very much intertwined. They both exist, and they are both needed to create a balanced society. Many of us enjoy the ability to use Uber or Lyft (capitalism) while riding on a highway (socialism). Is it necessary to recalibrate the levels of capitalism and socialism to create a more equitable society? Or, is capitalism vital for America to remain a superpower on the world stage?
Here is an interesting quote, ”how can someone be anti-capitalist in politics and yet still participate in capitalism (in order to sustain oneself)” -Unknown
Data:
Aladangady, A. & and Forde, A. (2021, October 22). Wealth Inequality and the Racial Wealth Gap. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/wealth-inequality-and-the-racial-wealth-gap-20211022.htm
Bhutta, N., Chang, A., Dettling, L. & Hsu, J. (2020, September 28). Disparities in Wealth by Race and Ethnicity in the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/disparities-in-wealth-by-race-and-ethnicity-in-the-2019-survey-of-consumer-finances-20200928.htm
Bivens, J, Barber, W. J., Theoharis, L, & Gupta Barnes, S. (2020, October 30). Moral policy = good economics. Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/blog/moral-policy-good-economics-whats-needed-to-lift-up-140-million-poor-and-low-income-people-further-devastated-by-the-pandemic/
Pew Research Center. (2020, January 9). Trends in income and wealth inequality. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/01/09/trends-in-income-and-wealth-inequality/
U.S. Census Bureau. (2021, September). Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2021/demo/income-poverty/p60-273.html
Discussion Overview:
You will need to examine the various aspects of the wealth gap. Select a topic that is directly impacted by the wealth gap. (There are sample topics below.) For example, in discussion 3 we covered voting rights. How does a person’s ability or inability to vote for elected officials impact their financial status? For this discussion, you will develop a modified case study to make recommendations and create an implementation strategy to support your findings. I am more interested in your knowledge of the subject matter (you will need to do your own research), how you apply course content to the subject matter, and your ability to synthesize the information while formulating your own well-formed opinion based on facts. (You are building on knowledge from discussion 3 and now discussion 5 that will help prepare you for your public policy proposal in discussion 8.)
Assignment:
1. Watch the optional videos below; Dr. Thomas J. DiLorenzo discusses his book on why socialism is not a viable solution to problems, and author Anand Giridharadas details how the elite fight for equity only to maintain the status quo.
Harvard Kennedy School’s Institute of Politics. (2019, November 12). A Conversation with Anand Giridharadas. YouTube. [Video].
https://youtu.be/7m2AumufJfwmisesmedia. (2020, July 15). Ten Things You Should Know About Socialism | Thomas J. DiLorenzo. YouTube. [Video].
https://youtu.be/V_NvazLOYIo (Links to an external site.)
2. Draft a modified case study on the wealth gap. For the purposes of this discussion, here is how I am defining a case study.
Case Study: An analysis of a real-life situation where existing problems need to be solved. It should apply ideas and knowledge in a way that attempts to explain the behavior of individuals or situations.
Your submission must include the components below in essay format (A breakdown of each individual component has been provided below.):
Synopsis: Select a topic related to the wealth gap and give context and/or background on it. Write what you hope to gain or prove from your research. (I challenge you to select a case study topic that is unusual, neglected, or an outlier. However, if you are unsure about this assignment or concerned about time, feel free to select a topic below. Each topic has been well researched and you will be able to locate data points.) 1-2 sentence(s)
Synopsis Breakdown: What topic surrounding the wealth gap directly impacts your life or the lives of your loved ones? Select a topic and write why your topic is important. What details of your topic should we be concerned about? How does your topic impact society and future generations?
Discuss the Powers of the President (You will need to answer all of these questions.): What past or present policies have hindered the ability of people in America to obtain wealth and/or contributed to the increasing wealth gap? What powers does the U.S president have regarding the wealth gap? What responsibility do presidents have to maintain a functioning economy? How should they balance the well-being of citizens and the desires of corporations? 1-2 sentence(s)
Discuss the Powers of the President Breakdown (You will need to answer all of these questions.): How have current policies or laws impacted your topic on the wealth gap? Have they made it harder for people to pay their bills, increase their savings account, or buy a house? It will help your grade if you can list a specific policy and its impact. What can the president do to reduce the wealth gap? You may want to name a specific policy that they should implement. How should the president balance the need to help Americans and pay for those services that help Americans?
Findings: After you have researched your topic, identify at least 3 problems that you found. Are there any underlying problems that have never been addressed? Use data and statistics to support your work. 3-4 sentence(s)
Findings Breakdown: Example: If your topic is on free community college, then you may want to list 3 barriers to offering free community college. Who should it be offered to? What requirements should students abide by? Should undocumented students receive free community college? What would critics say? Is there data that supports free community college? Is there data that supports that requiring students to commit to community service hours would benefit the community? Would offering free community college help lift people and generations out of poverty?
Summarize the Major Problems: Identify alternative solutions to solve each of the 3 problems that you described above. Briefly outline each alternative solution and evaluate its advantages and disadvantages. 3-4 sentence(s)
Summarize the Major Problems Breakdown: If your topic is on providing a universal basic income (UBI) payment of $1K a month to every person making under $40K a year. You will need to list 3 possible solutions to get your plan accomplished. For example, you will need to discuss how it would benefit them and how it would impact society. What would critics of the plan say? You are just listing the 3 problems, this can be done with 3 bullet points.
Recommend the Best Solution to be Implemented: Select one of the alternative solutions above that should be adopted. How will your solution solve inequities in the wealth gap? Explain and justify your reasoning. Convince the reader as to why your solution should be implemented. 1-2 sentence(s)
Recommend the Best Solution to be Implemented Breakdown: If your topic is on the need to increase the minimum wage. Then, you will select 1 of the 3 major problems and detail how it will help lift people out of poverty. You will want to detail why minimum wage should be increased. Why should we care?
Implementation: Detail how your selected alternative solution should be implemented. How should it be done, who/whom should do it, when should it be done? Do you have a timeline? Will it take 1 year, 5 years, or 10 years? How much will it cost to implement? 2-3 sentence(s)
Implementation Breakdown: You will need to provide specifics as to how your 1 solution should be implemented. If your topic is on how discriminating against members of the LGBTQ+ community impacts the wealth gap. Then you will need to discuss specific details on how you will implement your plan. For example, is the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) enough to ensure equity? How should the ERA be enforced? How long will your implementation plan take? How much will it cost? Who will you need to support it?
Summary: What assumptions did you have to make? If you had more time, what would you have liked to research further? Is there a group of people who have been misrepresented in the media or public opinion? Why have they been misrepresented? Is there a group of people whose voices are missing from the discourse? Why is their voice important? How do we use the current momentum to create lasting change? What should be demanded or asked of elected officials? What accountability standards should be implemented? Is there a political motive for or against your topic? 1-2 sentence(s)
Summary Breakdown: Summarize your topic. What did you learn about your topic? What would you do differently if you had more time? Who’s voice is missing from the topic? Children? People, who make a certain income? Who’s voice seems to dominate the conversation? The wealth gap impacts a lot of people, how will you ensure that the topic gets attention? What marketing tools would you use to bring attention to the topic? How would you hold elected officials and decision-makers accountable?
Cause and Effect: Write a cause and effect statement on how the wealth gap has impacted society. This should be a persuasive statement. (Ex: Due to de jure segregation practices like redlining, many historically excluded groups have been denied the ability to gain equity in their homes which has exacerbated the wealth gap.) 1 sentence
Cause and Effect Breakdown: Write a cause and effect statement on how the wealth gap has impacted society. This should be a persuasive statement. Example: Due to de jure segregation practices like redlining, many historically excluded groups have been denied the ability to gain equity in their homes which has exacerbated the wealth gap.
Citations: Cite research and data points.
(I added the sentence length just in case you wanted a guide.)
Possible Topics Related to the Wealth Gap:
The “great resignation”
Universal basic income (UBI)
Opportunity gap
Achievement gap
Free community college
The rising cost of college tuition
Poverty
Capitalism & the disabled community
Welfare
Lack of corporate responsibility
Capitalism
Socialism
Health disparities
Racism, classism, or both
Housing inequities
Environmental injustice
Criminal justice reform
LGBTQ+ discrimination
Minimum wage
Inequities in education
No universal early childhood programs
Inequities in the tax system
Immigration reform
Digital harms
DISCUSSION 6:
— Introduction
Whether or not you know someone who has spent time in the carceral system, the system still impacts your daily life. If you are pro-prison, a prison abolitionist, or somewhere in between, you are still impacted. Incarcerating people directly relates to the well-being (governmental (local/state/federal), economic (financial), political, social, environmental, healthcare (physical/mental), educational, etc.) of the U.S. How is the increasing wealth gap connected to the carceral system?
– General Data:
Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Prison Policy Initiative (Links to an external site.)
The Marshall Project: Algorithms (Links to an external site.)
The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (Links to an external site.)
The Sentencing Project (Links to an external site.)
U.S. Census: Criminal Justice Statistics (Links to an external site.)
Discussion Overview:
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in the carceral system.
The carceral system is too expansive to cover on a micro-level in just one discussion. I usually select an issue or a pending legal case for the class to discuss. For this discussion, I would like for you to focus on how artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are used in the carceral system as a whole. The benefits and biases of AI have been examined in various industries. There is a documentary on Netflix called Coded Bias if you are interested in learning more. You will need to select a topic related to how algorithms are used in the carceral system and create an infographic or TikTok video. With varied topics, we should all learn something new. I have included a data piece to challenge you to view data as a tool to back up your viewpoint with numbers. When data is leveraged with public policy, it can become a powerful tool to address sustainable societal issues. I borrowed this activity from Dr. Rachel Ellis, please review the citation below. You may visit the tweet from Dr. Ellis for examples. The 300-word limit will not apply to this discussion, however, your infographic or TikTok video will still be graded based on the rubric.
– Assignment:
Your infographic or TikTok video must include the following items:
Your name
Title of how algorithms are used in the carceral system
Facts about your topic illustrated in at least 3 data points (statistics)
Succinctly describe the larger societal implications to society
3 possible solutions to the problem
-Include at least 2 cited sources. Due to space limitations, you may only be able to list the link to the sources in the infographic or TikTok video. You must add the entire cited source to the discussion thread to receive credit.
Upload (attach) the PDF version of your infographic or the link to your TikTok video to the discussion. Let me know if you have difficulty converting your work into a PDF document or uploading your infographic. Feel free to send me your PDF document via Canvas message and I will upload your document to the discussion for you.
Your infographic and data must be related to how algorithms are used in the carceral system. If you create a TikTok video then you must include captions.
Free Infographic Resource:
Canva website.
Possible Topics:
Strategies to regulate algorithms that are used in the carceral system.
What accountability should the creators of biased algorithms in the carceral system face?
The negative impact to the LGBTQ+ community when algorithms are used in sentencing.
How often should algorithms that are used in the carceral system be audited?
Should we stop using algorithms in the carceral system and rely on human judgment?
When to stop using algorithms in the carceral system.
Who should sit on the governing board to regulate the algorithms? What background should they have (experience, industry, judges or community advocates, etc.)
Should algorithms in the carceral system be adjusted to wealth or income level?
What laws are needed to ensure that algorithms in the carceral system are not harmful?
How should algorithms in the carceral system be adjusted to accommodate individuals with disabilities?
What data (recidivism, past history of criminal activity, etc.) should be considered when creating algorithms for the carceral system?
What safeguards are needed for when algorithms are wrong and violent individuals are freed only to commit more crimes?
Restructuring algorithms in the arrests and sentencing of drug-related crimes
Addressing the gender gap when algorithms are used in sentencing
Citation:
Ellis, Rachel [@RachelEllisPhD]. “I asked the students in my undergraduate Corrections class to create infographics. Here are some of the many incredible submissions on important issues related to punishment in the US criminal justice system. (Shared with permission)” Twitter, 17 May 2021, https://twitter.com/rachelellisphd/status/1394276276853166082?s=21

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