In this lesson, we covered three types of democracies: parliamentary, presidenti

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In this lesson, we covered three types of democracies: parliamentary, presidential, and semi-presidential. There are many democratic countries that fall under each of these categories. What advantage and disadvantages do these types of democratic systems might have in terms of economic and/or political stability in a country? Compare at least two of these three types of democracies. Provide examples to support your arguments.
Your post should be at least 400 words. After submitting your post, read and respond to at least two other classmates’ posts. While responding to a post, try to provide constructive suggestions for any questions that the author might need to consider or indicate points made by the author that you think are particularly important/relevant.
Classmates post-
Keren:
For this module, we covered three types of democracies: parliamentary, presidential, and semi-presidential, in which many countries fall under. A parliamentary is a government formed by the legislative branch, that may or may not be a president. Most times if theres a president, the president will not be elected popularly. In a parliamentary system, the president’s power is limited, due to their position being typically a ceremonial position. This brings many advantages such as, ensuring the continuity in government and ensures responsible governance: there is always someone to hold the state together until a new government is formed, when the former has been demoted. Therefore ensuring that there is a peaceful transfer of power from one government to another. Furthermore, it also cements loyalty to the state and reduce the probability of a country being dictatorial: Though there is still struggles between the ruling party and the Opposition, the head of state is still expected to be non-partisan, and be an embodiment of the states–the citizens tend to be loyal to the Head of State who embodies the state. This is possible due to a dual executive, where two executives act as a check and balances in order of preventing the rise of a dictatorship.This makes a parliamentary regime more consistently better for a country’s economy. Because on average, the annual output growth is up to 1.2 percentage points higher, inflation is less volatile and 6 percentage points lower, and income inequality is up to 20% lower in countries governed by parliamentary systems.” Compared to a semi-presidential government, where a president is popularly elected, but is not part of the government. This means the president only acts as the head of the state but is not head of the government. The government is formed by the legislative branch, that gives the president an active role in the political processes of the country certain distinct powers. An advantage and disadvantage is, In most semi-presidential systems, the bureaucracy is taken away from the president, creating additional checks and balances that allows for the day-to-day government to run and issues are somewhat a distinct separation from the head of state, where issues tend to be looked at on their own merits without being tied to the head of state and who the head of state is. However, it sadly does create a system that provides cover for the president unpopular policies, in turn putting blame on the prime minister, who runs the day-to-day operations of the government. This will create both confusion and inefficiency in the legislative process, due to the capacity of votes of confidence that makes the prime minister respond to the parliament. This makes semi-presidential systems to be complex and not always best suited to deal with underlying social and economic pressures that may come.
Samantha:
There are three basic types of democracy: parliamentary, presidential, and semi-presidential. “A parliamentary democracy is one in which the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head of state is not popularly elected for a fixed term” (Clark et al., 2017, pg. 457). “A presidential democracy is one in which the government does not depend on a legislative majority to exist” (Clark et al., 2017, pg. 457). Finally “a semi-presidential democracy is one in which the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term” (Clark et al., 2017, pg. 457). There are many democratic countries that fall under each category. The most prevalent type of democracy worldwide in 2015 was parliamentary (Clark et al., 2017, pg. 458). There are many advantages and disadvantages these types of democratic systems might have in terms of economic and/or political stability in a country. Economic stability indicates that people have access to the things they need for a healthy existence, including reasonably priced housing. Political exchanges must occur on a regular basis for there to be political stability. For this discussion, I will compare presidential democracy and parliamentary democracy. I will specifically examine the United States and the United Kingdom since they have a presidential democracy and parliamentary democracy, respectfully. The United States, a presidential democracy, political stability index was at .64 in 2013, .58 in 2014, .68 in 2015, .40 in 2016, .29 in 2017, .42 in 2018, .13 in 2019, and -.02 in 2020 (TheGlobalEconomy, political). The United Kingdom, a parliamentary democracy, political stability index was at .49 in 2013, .42 in 2014, .52 in 2015, .36 in 2016, .39 in 2017, .08 in 2018, .54 in 2019, and .47 in 2020 (TheGlobalEconomy, political). During the years of 1996 to 2020, the average value for the United Kingdom was .48 points and the United States was .44 points (TheGlobalEconomy, political). The United States, a presidential democracy, economic growth index was at 1.84 in 2013, 2.53 in 2014, 3.08 in 2015, 1.71 in 2016, 2.33 in 2017, 3.00 in 2018, 2.16 in 2019, and -3.40 in 2020 (TheGlobalEconomy, economic). The United Kingdom, a parliamentary democracy, economic growth index was at 1.89 in 2013, 2.99 in 2014, 2.62 in 2015, 2.26 in 2016, 2.13 in 2017, 1.65 in 2018, 1.67 in 2019, and -9.40 in 2020 (TheGlobalEconomy, economic). During the years of 1961 to 2020, the average value for the United Kingdom was 2.24 points and the United States was 2.93 points (TheGlobalEconomy, economic). Both presidential and parliamentary democracies function well, however presidential democracies score slightly higher on the economic growth index and parliamentary democracies score slightly higher on the political stability index. This may be because countries with presidential democracies benefit from the office’s stability and continuity in terms of public policy. Additionally, having lack flexibility has a disadvantage. As opposed to this, countries with parliamentary democracies have the advantage of being able to assist the inclusion of all groups in the legislative and executive branches. Having a tendency toward a fragile or fractured government is also a disadvantage.

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