THIS IS A FINAL EXAM ESSAY AND THIS IS THE QUESTION THAT NEEDS TO BE ANSWERED. Q

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THIS IS A FINAL EXAM ESSAY AND THIS IS THE QUESTION THAT NEEDS TO BE ANSWERED.
QUESTION
Critically discuss the contradictory role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in
the socioeconomic development of African countries.
GUIDELINES
Format – This assignment should follow the format of an essay, meaning that you should come
up with a coherent set of ideas and present them in unified and logical arguments that seek to
answer the question of the double-edged sword nature and workings of NGOs in African
countries. These ideas, rooted in class discussions, debates, and readings, should develop
methodically, one at a time, in the right logical flow and sequence. A good essay is one in which
you lay out your ideas systematically in well thought out themes that connect logically into
passages or paragraphs, to communicate persuasively the apparent paradoxical position that
NGOs often take on the African scene.
Sources – Although this is not a research paper, you must cite at least five additional peerreviewed journal papers and/or book chapters. These five sources should be new readings not
already read or covered in this course. In your essay you should demonstrate that you used
these sources substantively and creatively to strengthen your arguments. Do not cite the
readings arbitrarily or merely reference articles and book chapters to meet the required
minimum reference count. You should demonstrate that the evidence gleaned from these
additional sources support your arguments in relevant way. You should take time to conduct
thorough search to identify sources that are relevant to your work and of good quality. Do not
use direct quotations from any of the readings and sources. Interpret and paraphrase
quotations using your own words and cite them accordingly. Only book chapters and journal
articles will count as legitimate sources.
Referencing and citation – References are important because they help you develop and provide
support for your arguments. References also allow me to follow up or crosscheck your work if
necessary. Please choose a referencing and citation style of your liking but make sure you are
consistent.
Plagiarism – The “use and pass off as one’s own idea or product work of another without
expressly giving credit to another” is an instructional offense. Plagiarizing can result in expulsion
and suspension from all studies at Carleton. Please acknowledge other people’s ideas but citing
them.
Word count – Minimum word count for this exam is 3000 words, excluding references.

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