National Health Information Systems in response to COVID

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National Hospital Information Systems During the Covid-19
Introduction
The demand for data management systems in hospitals in response to COVID 19 increased because of the workload of hospitals at the time. Many institutions had to find a way of balancing the increased number of COVID 19 and this meant that information technology governance had to be top notch. Covid-19 challenges on organizations went beyond workload to lead to patient data security risks emanating from Cyber-attacks.  Although organization responded by using virtual private networks, the rise of new attacks and lack of employee training on the same meant things had to change. In response the National Health Information under the institute of Medicine developed a system that allowed hospitals to manage patient data remotely and was capable of sharing the same data among hospitals without any challenge to increase patient safety. This gave rise to the development of the National Hospital Health Information infrastructure that guides in the collection of data, dissemination and analysis for better policy development by the organizations that are part of the system nationwide. It increases remote access and sharing of data between organizations is possible while organizations retain their Electronic Health Record independence throughout the process.
Existing Literature
Mykytyn (2020) identifies that the covid19 pandemic has brought a multitude of strains on businesses on a global scale which increases the risk of attacks and business failures. One major concern is that covid19 has brought with it increased costs to handle cyber-attacks and the need for Ransomware management. Although mangers have tried to remain vigilant by introducing virtual private networks, there is still the challenge of employees falling prey to vicious attackers who engage them on their mobile devices and emails using sperm mails. If any of these attacks take place the likelihood that it will lead to collapse of businesses increases greatly. Accordingly users in US fall prey to 33% coronavirus related attacks and this makes the need to have a system that is organized for healthcare patient management a priority (Mykytyn, 2020). The cost of developing proper health information systems in developing countries is affecting established nations health metric initiatives (Shiffman, 2022). When global systems take the responsibility of developing the metrics the lower-income countries lose their control on such data but the American system uses the data to develop policies for the larger organization’s function on patient management.
Current Applications in the Industry
            The Johns-Hopkins website provides data about coronavirus by tracking how counties are performing after every 7 days. The tracker has information trends on county specific in United States from vaccination, mortality, and recoveries in the last 7 days. Hospitals within counties are in a better position to know how their performance is backed in regard with county level (Johns-Hopkins University & Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center, 2022). Agerfalk et al., (2020) reveals that, individuals have to note the significance of data metrics they are gaining such as mortality and hospitalizations to make decisions about their covid-19 cases. Artificial intelligence and machine learning challenges have to be extrapolated by organizations in the pandemic era. It is upon the metrics of these issues that governments’ successes are measured, therefore reporting must be timely and with high accuracy for populations and organizations to make their decisions (Agerfalk et al., 2020).
Case Example of California Los Angles and Hospitals
The CDC offers that in United States the cases have been on the rise reaching 82,198,077, but the number of deaths has been dropping since the development of the vaccine. The total death toll stands at 996,653 cases. The major concern is that hospitalizations resulting from Covid-19 are on the rise, 15,361 but vaccination rate is at 82.5% in every five people tested by Friday 13th May 2022(CDC, 2022). Fully vaccinated individuals in California stands at 3,842,293 individuals, above 18 years are 3,678,403, fully vaccinated with first booster over 12 years are 3,841,436 (CDC, 2022). A hospital center such as Barlow Respiratory and Kindred Hospital in South Bay where cases are higher can measure their performance on hospitalization with other hospitals in the region using the covid-19 Tracker from John Hopkins resource center and the CDC. Positivity rate in Johns Hopkins resource center for Los Angeles is at 5.26%, with confirmed deaths at 90,782 and confirmed cases being 9,349,673. Fully vaccinated Individuals are 28,598,941 which are about 72.8% (CDC, 2022). In terms of bed occupancy in the last 14 days the resource center reports 76% and in ICU, it reports 70% in the last two weeks. The resource also reveals that the white race has 60% covid-19 cases which is the highest compared to other races.
Tactical and Strategic Benefits for Companies Using the Technology
The tactical and strategic benefits of NHIS are divided into three main domains which work collaboratively. Healthcare Provider domain, the population health dimension and the personal health dimension. Of these three hospitals are able to get information through data trackers such as the Johns Hopkins Resource Center on COVID-19. The other benefit associated with this technology is securing business information in the presence of increased Covid19 attacks in the healthcare industry (Agerfalk,et al., 2020). The technology uses specialized data collection and dissemination protection system that governs the authenticity of information using a network that increases checks to ensure safety of patient data from hospitals. Hospitals have their logins which is unique from one business entity to another and this helps them to remain vigilant of any attacks in the system.

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