Psychology emerged as a discipline distinct from philosophy

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QUESTION

 

In the late 19th century, psychology emerged as a discipline
distinct from philosophy, accompanied by increased efforts to measure and
classify human behavior. Psychological testing is one way to measure
psychological constructs and behavior. The creation of psychological tests has
been fueled by the need for mental health diagnosis and for occupational,
educational, and military selection. The invention of new statistical
techniques, such as factor analysis and item response theory, has led to
improvements in the structure and utility of tests.

 

To prepare for this Discussion, select two events from the
timeline of tests and measurement history. Research the events you selected and
consider how they influenced the development of tests and measurement.

 

With these thoughts in mind:

 

 

 

By Day 3 (Please write 350 words with references)

 

Post a brief description of the two historical events you chose.
Explain how these historical events influenced the development of tests and
measurement. Then, choose one of the two events and describe a historical
example of test misuse and the consequences related to the event.

 

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific
references to the Learning Resources.

 

Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.

 

 

 

Discussion 2:
Interviewing vs. Testing

Fair and accurate decision-making has long been a goal of
psychological testing. The earliest known uses of psychological tests were
civil service exams, established in China 2000 years ago. These tests helped to
assess individual ability, establishing an arguably fairer way to select
capable employees and de-emphasize rank and personal connections.

Nevertheless, decisions about people are not always made by using
psychological tests. Decisions are often made by using subjective procedures,
such as interviews. Examine the following scenario and consider whether, for
this situation, interviewing or psychological testing might be a more effective
evaluative method.

The warden at a prison
where you work has discovered that parole decisions made by a panel of
interviewers often turn out to be wrong, with released prisoners often
committing crimes and retained prisoners often demonstrating model behavior.
The warden asks the prison psychologist to make a recommendation regarding
whether parole decisions should be made on specific test batteries or
interviews. Assuming that you need to choose one or the other, what would you
recommend as a method for deciding parole—a test battery or the panel
interview?

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