Renewable Energy: Hydro Scheme- Mechanical Engineering Applications- Report Writing Assignment

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Report Writing Assignment:
Questions:
A hydro scheme has a catchment area of 120 km2, a capacity of 10 billion litres and a head of 200 m. The turbine maximum electrical output is 100 MW and it is 90% efficient. The rainfall data for 2015 (in mm per month) is shown below including an estimate of the percentage of the rainfall that reaches the reservoir.
Table 1
1.1 Import the data into Microsoft Excel and construct a model that will allow you to determine if it is possible to produce a total of 100 MW of electrical power for a minimum of 2 hours of the day over the entire year;  if not, state the minimum value.
1.2 Show how the problem can be solved in a more flexible way using dedicated modelling software such as Matlab;
OR
Present the strategy or algorithm that could be used to solve the problem rather than a trial-and-error approach;
OR
Explain the advantages to the utility company running the hydroelectric scheme of being able to sell electricity for two hours each day.
The surface area of the reservoir is about 1 km2 and it does not vary significantly as the water level changes.  The utility company that runs the hydroelectric scheme conducted some tests and found a lot of water was lost through evaporation and the quantity lost was independent of usage strategy.
The company are considering installing an array of floating PV panels on the surface to both reduce evaporation and address the imbalance of energy available from the hydro scheme over the year.
The solar energy on 1 m2 of horizontal surface is available from the NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy web site (https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/) and the Met Office site can provide the mean monthly temperature (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/summaries/datasets). The figures for the hydroelectric site are tabulated bleow:
Table 2
2.1 The empirical equation often used to estimate the rate of evaporation is the Penman formula. Use the simplified form of the equation below to estimate the energy loss per year from the hydro scheme as a result of reservoir surface evaporation:
Q is the total solar energy on 1 m2 of surface in 1 day and T is the mean daily temperature for that day in Celsius. Verify the equation is plausible before using it.
2.2 It is decided to float 100,000 m2 of 14% efficient solar PV panels, a tenth of the surface area of the reservoir. Estimate the effect this installation would have on the daily energy production levels. You may assume all the electricity produced is used to pump water back up into the reservoir to raise the level.
There is no need to take the reduced evaporation into account as this was not considered in Part I. You may assume the pumping is 90% efficient.
2.3 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution.
If the hydroelectric dam were not there the reservoir area could be planted with trees. Sitka spruce grown in that area is known to have a yield of 14 m3 per hectare per year.
3.1 Assess the benefits and disadvantages of afforesting the area. Present your findings as a short report (500 words) with appropriate referencing.

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