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I need help with a Management question. All explanations and answers will be used to help me learn.

following terms and concepts discussed this week in preparation for completion of this assignment: market capitalization, economic value created, sustainable strategy, business-level strategy, differentiation strategy, strategy canvas.

Create a 700 to 1,050-word entry in your strategic management research journal. You will use information from this entry in your presentation due in Week 5. Respond to the following prompts in your journal entry:
Describe the role of strategic planning in achieving a competitive advantage. Assess Caterpillar Inc. to determine whether their top focus is accounting profitability, shareholder value creation, or economic value creation. Assess whether Caterpillar Inc. leverages the appropriate value and cost drivers for their business strategy. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Caterpillar Inc’s competitive advantages. Evaluate the influence of ethics, social responsibility, and legal considerations on strategic planning. Discuss the value of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and determine if Caterpillar Inc.’s CSR meets those values. Analyze the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing Caterpillar Inc.’s strategic plan while considering stakeholder needs and agenda.marbury v madison, supreme court case, flat tax discussion response
I don’t understand this Political Science question and need help to study.

DISCUSSION QUESTION ONE;

1. How is Marbury v. Madison relevant to our government today? Be very specific and use facts to explain and support your answer.

2. Provide us with critical analysis of the case in your answer and then give us an example(specific example) of how this case applies to our government in today’s world.

MY ANSWER;

Marbury vs. Madison reinforced the national judiciary through the establishment of the supremacy of judicial review, where the central courts could pronounce legislation, executive as well as actions of the Congress not consistent with the United States (US) Constitution and therefore, null and void. The case is important because for the first time, the Supreme Court declared an action of the Congress unconstitutional (Nelson, 2018). It is related to our government today because the Supreme Court has an important role to play in the constitutional system of governance. Being the highest court in the land, it is also the court of last resort (its rulings cannot be appealed) and defends civil liberties and rights by striking down regulations that infringes the Constitution (can reverse a law passed by Congress if it considers it unconstitutional).

While analyzing the case, the mandate provided to the Supreme Court by the act that establishes the court to issue order of mandamus to state officers, seems not to be merited by the Constitution. Indeed, everybody framing a constitution anticipates it to create the ultimate and supreme law of the country. Therefore, every country should ensure that a parliamentary act, which is offensive to the Constitution, is annulled. For example, the case proves that it is the obligation of the judiciary to state the content of the law. Those applying the rule to specific cases must develop and interpret that law. If two regulations clash, the supreme courts must resolve on their action. So if a law opposes the constitution, the court must choose that case conformably to the law and to the constitution. This is of the purpose of the judiciary.

Nelson, W. E. (2018). Marbury v. Madison: The Origins and Legacy of Judicial Review, Revised and Expanded. University Press of Kansas.

RESPOND TO BOTH STATEMENTS WITH FACTS ONLY NO OPINIONS. 200 WORDS OR LESS

STATEMENT 1.

The Marbury v. Madison decision resulted in the establishment of the concept of the practicing of the judicial review. This case is important today because it established the power of the judicial review for the United States Supreme court and lower federal courts with the respect of the Constitution. Later, this case also had the same effect for parallel state courts with respect to the state Constitution. This establishment was made in 1803, as it was said in 1789 that the Judiciary Act was “unconstitutional” and Chief Justice John Marshall insisted that the Supreme Court should review the laws that have been previously passed by the legislative branch. It was found that the the Judiciary Act that I have proposed above, was in fact conflicted with the Constitution. Reason for thinking, they felt that this Act gave the Supreme Court more authority than it was given under the Constitution. Marshall was arguing that the Constitution is a “supreme law of the land” and that he believed the Supreme Court has the final say even over the Constitution. In a result, the Supreme Court was unable to order Madison to act. American courts do have the power to strike down laws, statues, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States. Today, the Marbury v. Madison strengthened the federal judiciary by establishing for it the power of the judicial review. This case applies to our government today by doing simply what it states. If there is a bill trying to be passed for a law that is considered unconstitutional, it is most likely that the legislative branch is going to think the same and therefore, the bill will not go through to the other house. As it is needed to be passed through both houses in order to become a law.

STATEMENT 2.

The Marbury v Madison is relevant to our government today, because the Supreme Court has the right to overturn acts ofCongress, a power not granted by the Constitution. The case in which the Supreme Court can examine and invalidate actions. Federalist were being hired approved by the Senate and signed by the President.

Commissions were needed for them to start their jobs, but they were not issued. Once the new president came in to office, he put a hold on thesecommissions. The Secretary of State Madison held onto these and Marbury a Federalist party member being hired took it to the Supreme Court. As he did have a right to his job but it was not the Supreme Courts place to rule in the decision. The Supreme Court will turn to the Constitution and has been around since 1789.

DISCUSSION QUESTION TWO;

Name a U.S. Supreme Court case decided since 2000. Post the name of the case and the parties (caption), date decided, and a brief summary of the issue, facts and decision.

Tell us how the decision affected our everyday lives using specific examples and facts. Relate back to the case and the facts and issue of the case.

MY ANSWER;

National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) vs. Sebelius

The Case: In 2010, President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law aimed at increasing the number of the American citizens covered through health insurance, and reducing the healthcare costs (McCauley, 2017). In 26 states, a lot of citizens as well as the NFIB sued to reverse the law. The primary matter was on the legality of requiring persons to obtain health insurance with a personal command. The other was whether there is a law compelling states to cover more citizens or to lose federal financing.

The Decision: The Supreme Court upheld the 2010 Patient Protection and ACA.

The decision affected our everyday lives because the Supreme Court decided that the Act was constitutional. According to McCauley (2017), the Patient Protection and ACA are seen as the most vital laws passed by the Congress since the Medicare and Medicaid were established in 1965. Although Obamacare assured affordable health insurance for each American, and even fined those who refused to purchase it, the law did not control associated costs. There have been too many people without grants and cannot afford coverage even to date.

McCauley, S. (2017). Revising the Marks Rule in Light of a Plurality Prone Supreme Court: A Case Study of National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius. BU Pub. Int. LJ, 26, 257.

RESPOND TO BOTH STATEMENTS WITH FACTS ONLY NO OPINIONS. 200 WORDS OR LESS

STATEMENT ONE;

Obergefell V. Hodges: No. 14-556: Argued April 28, 2015. Decided on June 26, 2015

This was a landmark case for gay rights and gay marriage in the United States. A gay couple, James Obergefell and John Arthur were an Ohio couple. Since Ohio did not legalize gay marriage at this time, they were married in Maryland. When James Arthur became severely sick with ALS, he tried to add his husband, Obergefell, as his legal partner and was denied by the state of Ohio because the state did not recognize their marriage as legal. The sued the State of Ohio in Obergefell v. Kasich and the decision was in the couple’s favor. However, Ohio appealed to the US Supreme Court. The Supreme Court reviewed this case which include three other cases against the states of Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee.

The Supreme Court decided narrowly, 5-4 in favor of the plaintiffs. Their findings were that this was a violation of the 14th amendment and that the couples were being discriminated against. “Justice Anthony Kennedy asserted that the right to marry is a fundamental right” (Britannica.com). The dissenting case was that marriage was between a man a woman. The dissenting opinion was just that- an opinion and not supported by the constitution.

At the time of the decision, thirteen states had not legalized same-sex marriage. Thanks to this case and the decision, all states were required to recognize same-sex marriage even if they couple were married out of state. This affected same-sex couple immensely. Not only were their unions now legal in their state but their property and estates were protected under law and protected under the 14th Amendment. This was also a significant boost for equal rights in the LGBTQ community.

John Arthur unfortunately was unable to witness the victory. He died in 2013… with his husband by his side.

References:

Encyclopedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Obergefell-v-Hodges

The case file: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/14-556_3204.pdf

John (right) & James

STATEMENT TWO;

United States Supreme Court

UNITED STATES v. SANCHEZ-GOMEZ ET AL.(2018)

No. 17-312

Argued: March 26, 2018Decided: May 14, 2018

This case is fascinating, and it is a case about criminal defendants going to court for a pending case. The defendants felt their constitutional rights were denied by handcuffing and ankle shackling while waiting for their pretrial proceedings.

The judges of the southern district of California decided to adopt a policy permitting the usage of these restraints for most of the in-custody criminal defendants. These restraints were implemented in court nonjury proceedings. Furthermore, the policy was upheld by the United States Marshals Service. Four defendants opposed these types of restraints; however, the court denied their opposition, so the defendant’s attorney appealed to the Court of Appeals. The defendant’s criminal case ended before the court could issue a decision to the now determined respondents. The United States Marshalls cited understaffing and safety as the main concerns for having handcuffs and shackle restraints for nonjury proceedings.

Because the court viewed the case as a practical class action, the case was not mooted, and proceeding continued. The judge later found that the respondent’s constitutional rights were violated, and the policy was altered to eliminate the routine use of restraints in pretrial proceedings. We are all afforded human rights even when proven guilty.

References:

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/17-312.html

DISCUSSION QUESTION THREE

Should we have a flat tax system in this country?

Pick one of the arguments for or against the Flat Tax and research the details and supporting reasons for this argument-examine the pros and cons of your chosen argument. NOT YOUR OPINION

MY ANSWER;

he US tax system calculates income tax according to the levels of income. Also, there are many deductions and credits to be claimed by the taxpayers. Critics of this code complain that the system is complex and costly to administer and easy to evade (Mohs, 2019). An alternative would be a flat tax system, whereby everyone is charged the similar percentage of their income. However, this system will not favor everyone in the country. To start with, there will be an unfair impact. It will charge equal percentage to everyone irrespective of their level of income. This is disadvantageous to those living below the poverty line. The poor are the least competitive regarding the cost of living. So, if the poor lose their tax benefits and pay proportionally with the rich, they will not be able to afford their basic needs (Mohs, 2019).

Secondly, there will be a loss in incentives. Credits and deductions for some expenditures offer an inducement to people to function in some ways. For example, deducting donations offers an inducement to give to good causes. Offsetting the cost of other windows inspires individuals to save their energy. Therefore, the government can establish social strategies using the tax code. A flat tax without deductions would lose this tool. Further, it will affect the housing market. Millions of homeowners are locked into mortgages by understanding that payment of mortgage interest involves a tax benefit. A change in the flat tax system and eliminating the tax liberties of interest of mortgage could have a shocking impact on the housing sector. The economic impact could be long-term considering the life of most mortgages to be over 30 years (Mohs, 2019).

Finally, it will affect retirement savings. According to Mohs (2019), companies save taxes on the funds contributed to workers’ retirement policies. This inspires discreet retirement saving in “corresponding” policies, whereby employers and workers both donate. If companies no longer enjoy a tax benefit for contributing to such plans, it could meaningfully change organizational policies and end up in a long-term ditch on retirement funds. Therefore, unlike the benefits received by much smaller and growing nations from charging everybody the same tax (a flat tax system), the US should not apply it for the benefit of the poor.

Mohs, J. N. (2019). Evaluating Flat Tax Theory: A Conceptual Framework.

BASED ON MY ANSWER; reply to 2 arguments of other students and explain in your answer your details regarding your replies. 200 WORDS OR LESS

STATEMENT ONE;

Yes, we should have a flat tax system in the United States.

According to Professor Denvil Duncan of Indiana University, a flat tax “taxes business and individuals at the same single rate. Businesses are taxed on total sales less labor costs, costs of capital, and purchase of raw materials, while individuals are taxed on the difference between their total labor compensation and a personal allowance” (Duncan, 2012). The two primary points to consider are fairness and prosperity. Utilization of a flat tax for both household income and business/corporate income taxes would improve tax revenues by the eliminating loopholes that everyone seeks out to lower their taxable income. Therefore increasing tax revenues while improving American’s savings and investment initiatives.

The fairness that a flat tax applies to the tax policy is that every household and company is paying their appropriate share on a percentage basis. Opponents of a flat tax tend to implicate it as unfair to low wage earners. This would be why there would be a simple policy to protect the poor as well as the extremely wealthy. Nice states currently have a flat tax as their state tax rate (Thebalance.com). Many of these states also established a tiered system whereas depending on your income level, you would pay one of three tiered rates. This protects wage earners of all levels.

Several European nations and Russia have implemented a flat tax system with outright success and improvement to the national reserve system. In fact, Russia’s tax revenues “increased 26% in the 2001 (year implemented) and 21% in 2002” (Duncan, 2012). In part, the increase is believed to be from the result of people not cheating on their taxes.

A flat tax system could work in the US if we make the proper adjustments to the tax code and provide adequate relief for the low wage earners.

References:

Duncan, Denville R. (2012), Economic Impact of a Flat Tax. Retrieved from: https://oneill.indiana.edu/doc/research/duncan_economic_impact_flat_tax.pdf

STATEMENT TWO;

At first, and without having done research beforehand, flat tax seems like a fair solution to the ever so complex taxing system. However, that was based on my very little pre-conceived knowledge. After having researched the topic, I realized that a flat tax system can hurt the economy tremendously.

A flat tax system would lower the governments money brought in through taxation by trillions of dollars. The reason why tax systems are structured the way they are currently is to offset the vast monetary separation between the rich and poor. Furthermore, Under such a structure, those with lower incomes tend to pay a higher proportion of their income in total taxes than the affluent do.

When the system is spread out in such a way, the poor begin to suffer, as the taxation rate needed to meet the current amount generated would hurt those who can barely afford their way of life currently. The current system is in place to prevent such a thing from happening.

https://medium.com/@MFrancisWrites/why-a-flat-tax-hurts-the-poor-b295341a89c1Option #1: Northwind Data Warehouse Star Schema: nursing homework help
I need help with a MySQL question. All explanations and answers will be used to help me learn.

Before you can complete this assignment you must install the database, which are attached on the word document. Only after you have installed and loaded the database you will be able to complete the assignment.

In this milestone you will design a data warehouse star schema using the Northwind OLTP database design. You are expected to follow the four-step process discussed in the textbook:
Identify the business process: Which business process in the Northwind database design will you use to develop the dimensional model? Also, develop a set of business questions that should be answered via queries against the data warehouse. Identify the grain of the fact table: determine how granular a row in the fact table must be. Identify the dimension tables, their variables, and attributes. Identify the fact table, its variables, and attributes.
Deliverables for this milestone is a paper:
Describing the business process and business questions Describing the grain of the fact table and why Listing the dimension tables, their variables and attributes Describing the fact table, its variables and attributes Containing a diagram of the dimensions and fact tables in your dimensional model, the variables for each table, and the relationships between fact and dimension tables including cardinality
Your paper should be between 3-4 pages

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