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I’m studying for my Mathematics class and don’t understand how to answer this. Can you help me study?

1.Find the annual premium for a 20-year level term insurance policy with a face value of$15,000 for a 25-year old male who smokes. Round to the nearest cent.( premium rate is 2.86)

2. Find the annual premium for a universal-life insurance policy with a face value of$20,000 for a 55-year old female using a non-tobacco rate. Round to the nearest cent. (premium rate is 24.57)

3. What are the semi annual payments on a $200,000 whole-life insurance policy for a 30-year-old female with a preferred rate? Use table 1 and table 2. table1 ( 9.82 premium) table2 (51.00 premium rate)

4.Compare the premiums for a 10-year level term policy for$75,000 for a 45-year old male to the same policy for a 45-year old female. Use a non-tobacco rate. Round to the nearest cent. ( premium rate 2.12)

5.Cindy started a whole-life insurance policy for $255,000 when she was 23 years old. At age 50, the policy has a cash value of $12,606 and Cindy converts the policy to extended term insurance for the same face value. Use 20-year level term rates to estimate the number of years of extended term insurance she has. Use a non-tobacco rate.( premium rate 8.12)

Round final answer to two decimals places if needed

6. Parker’s $300,000 whole-life insurance policy has a cash value of $11,278. Parker is 60 years old, female, smokes, and is converting to an extended term policy for the same face value. Use 10-year level term rates to estimate the number of years of extended term insurance she has.( rate 12.57)

Round to two decimal places as needed

7. Cindy needs a $20,000 renters insurance policy and has selected the $1,000,000 liability with $500 deductible. The insurance company has determined her credit is excellent and has given her the “good” credit rate. If she adds an endorsement to insure$4000 worth of jewelry and the options of identity theft/fraud protection and sewer/sump pump backup protection for her basement, find her annual premium.

( premium 169)

8. Tim Navholtz needs a $20,000 renters insurance policy and has selected the$500,000 liability with $1,000 deductible. The insurance company has determined his credit is excellent and has given him the “good” credit rate. If he adds an endorsement of $0.85/$100 to ensure$11,800 of jewelry, $20/year for the options of identity theft/protection and $75/year for sewer/sump pump backup protection for his basement, find his annual premium using the given table.( premium ,134)

9. Jim is a renter and carries $40,000 insurance on his personal belongings. He selects the minimum liability with a deductible of $1000 for each claim, carries identity theft/fraud protection and an endorsement of$4000 for his camera equipment. Jim has a recent bankruptcy on his record, so is credit is rated as “bad”. Find his annual premium.( premium 313)

10. Find the annual homeowners insurance premium on a masonry home located in zone 1 if the home is insured for$300,000. The owner chooses a $1000 deductible and has good credit.

(premium 0.27)

11. A home with a replacement value of$285,000 is insured in a policy that contains an 80% coinsurance clause. The face value of the policy is$200,000. If a fire causes damage valued at

$1,900, find the amount of compensation to the owner by the insurance company.

12.Find the total annual insurance premium.

Territory: 1

Credit rating: OCC

Model class:

1

Vehicle age: New

Liability coverage: 50/100/50

Comprehensive deductible: $250

Collision deductible: $500

Annual auto mobile liability insurance premium 600

Annual auto premium rate comprehensive 628

Collision 855I need all questions answered and knowledge about the second meditation
I’m trying to learn for my Philosophy class and I’m stuck. Can you help?

5 page paper,

Topic: By the end of the second Meditation, Descartes concludes that a reasonable person would not believe that she or he has hands. Set out carefully how Descartes comes to arrive at such extreme sceptical view, and summarize what you take to be his two best reasons. Then, if you believe that you are reasonable, and you believe you have hands, try to show just where and how Descartes’ reasoning is flawed. If you don’t think it is reasonable to believe that you have hands, try to explain why only you and Descartes see things this way.

Things to muse about:

–Why does Descartes seem to change his mind so often, is it a sign that he is led into deeper and deeper doubts, or a sign that he can’t even convince himself?

–Is it unlikely that you are a brain in a vat? What evidence is it proper to cite in making such a probability calculation?

–If Descartes thinks that he thinks or desires or feels, then it is indubitable that this is true apparently…..so why does he admit that if he feels that he is a King, that is NOT indubitable that he is a King at all!

–If holding you hands up in a court of law, a place we take evidence very seriously, surely DOES PROVE that you do have hands, then why won’t that proof convince Descartes?

–Is Descartes just a weirdo, or do you find it is your own standards for reasonable belief that seem to invite scepticism?Management Organizational Behavior SLP3: assignment help online
Can you help me understand this Business question?

Module 3 – SLP
LEADERS AND LEADERSHIP

Most of what is written about leadership has been written by western scholars and practitioners—mostly from the United States. Thus, what we have studied in this module so far reflects western assumptions and values about how to improve leadership performance.

But leadership quality, we know, is mostly about perception. If the followers perceive that a person is a leader, that person will be treated with respect and the followers will grant him the power and authority to guide their actions. These perceptions can vary across cultures, and successful global leaders know that leadership is viewed differently in different cultures and modify their behaviors to align with culturally diverse expectations. This is what is called Cultural Intelligence.

Required Reading

The following reading discusses the importance of cultural awareness in increasing organizational effectiveness:
O’Reilly, C. (2013). Why is cultural intelligence important? Retrieved from http://www.trainingzone.co.uk/topic/soft-skills/why-cultuiral-intelligence-important/181942
Assignment

In this exercise, there are two sets of quizzes (A & B) that you will participate in.
Select either the Cross Cultural Work Scenarios or Working Globally Across Cultures quiz from http://www.commisceo-global.com/quizzes/cultural-awareness-quizzes?view=qcategory&cat_id=39 Choose any one of the country quizzes at http://www.commisceo-global.com/quizzes/cultural-awareness-quizzes?view=qcategory&cat_id=41 that looks interesting to you.
After completing the quizzes, address the following questions in a 2- to 3-page essay:
Which quizzes did you take? Include your actual results in an Appendix at the end of your paper. Were you surprised at your score? What strengths do you think you have in intercultural awareness? What weaknesses are you able to identify? If there were gaps between your assessment results and your own thoughts about your level of cultural awareness, why do these gaps exist? Create a plan of specific, concrete actions you can take to build on your strengths and improve areas of weakness so that you improve your cultural awareness. Why is it important for managers to increase their levels of cultural awareness?
SLP Assignment Expectations
Your paper will be evaluated using the criteria on the SLP rubric (see the rubric for more detail): Assignment-Driven, Critical Thinking, Business Writing, Effective Use of Information, Citing Sources, and Timeliness.

Required Sources

Commisceo Global. Country specific quizzes. Retrieved from http://www.commisceo-global.com/quizzes/cultural-awareness-quizzes?view=qcategory&cat_id=41

Commisceo Global. Cultural awareness quizzes. Retrieved from http://www.commisceo-global.com/quizzes/cultural-awareness-quizzes?view=qcategory&cat_id=39

Dean J., Cleavengera, D. J., and Munyonb, T. P. (2013). It’s how you frame it: Transformational leadership and the meaning of work. Business Horizons 56(3), 351-360

Eveland, J. D. (n.d.) Leadership. Trident University International.

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory (2016). Leadership-central. Retrieved from http://www.leadership-central.com/fiedlers-contingency-theory.html#axzz3OemkTtoM

French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power. Retrieved April 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSb06mh7EHA

Martin, R. (2012) “PathGoal Theory of Leadership.” Encyclopedia of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. Ed. John M. Levine and Michael A. Hogg. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2009. 636-37. SAGE Reference Online . Web. 30 Jan. 2012.Retrieved April 2017 from https://studysites.uk.sagepub.com/northouse6e/study/materials/reference/reference7.2.pdf

O’Reilly, C. (2013). Why is cultural intelligence important? Retrieved from http://www.trainingzone.co.uk/topic/soft-skills/why-cultuiral-intelligence-important/181942

TED. (2010) Simon Sinek: How great leaders inspire action. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action

Vroom-Yetton-Jago Decision-making Model of Leadership (2013). Leadership-central. Retrieved from http://www.leadership-central.com/Vroom-Yetton-Jago-decision-making-model-of-leadership.html#axzz3OjpF9lI8

Optional Sources

Center for Creative Leadership Website. (2015) Retrieved from http://www.ccl.org/index.shtml

McNamara, C. (1999) All about Leadership. In Free Management Library. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/leadership/
Module 3 – Background
LEADERS AND LEADERSHIP
Required Sources
People have wondered about what makes a great leader since the beginning of recorded history – and undoubtedly long before. The formal study of leadership dates back to the 1950s, and is probably one of the most researched topics in Organizational Behavior. Today, after decades of study, we believe that:
Leaders are made, not born, and leadership can be taught. Leadership occurs in all kinds of organizations and at all levels. To be a great leader, one does not have to be charismatic. There is no one right way to lead that will fit all situations.
In this module, we will review the major theories of leadership that persist to this day. Although some are more complex than others, each seems to have a nugget of truth and adds to our overall understanding of how leadership works and what makes great leadership. The following chart summarizes the major approaches or models that we will cover.

Leadership Model

Principles

Trait Model

Leaders have special innate qualities. Certain people are “natural leaders.”

Behavioral Models

Leaders are concerned primarily with task or relationships, though the best leaders are concerned with both.

Contingency Models

Different leader behaviors are effective for different types of followers and situations.

Influence (Power) Models

Leadership consists of influencing others.

Transformational Models

Leaders are visionaries who change organizations and people’s behavior.

Let’s begin with a PowerPoint presentation that will provide some background on these different models:
Eveland, J.D. (n.d.) Leadership. Trident University International.
The exercise of leadership, by definition, involves compelling people to do something they might not otherwise have done. The manner in which they carry out these tasks varies, however. The degree of motivation and enthusiasm with which a follower performs his or her work is related to the type of leadership that is used. Here are the most common reactions by followers:
Commitment is characterized by the internalization of a leader’s goal or request and the follower’s decision to carry it out effectively. Frequently, the follower will go beyond what the leader has asked or expects – in other words, goes the extra mile. Compliance is an apathetic response where the follower does what the leader asks, but exerts no more than the required amount of effort. Resistance is a reaction where the follower opposed the leader‘s direction and avoids carrying it out (passively through avoidance or aggressively through rebellion).
Let’s take a look at power, which is closely tied to leadership. Review the sources of power in the following video presentation:

Retrieved April 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSb06mh7EHA.

Now, consider reactions to leadership’s exercise of power (by type):

Type

Most Common Reaction

Reward

Compliance

Coercive

Compliance or resistance

Legitimate

Compliance

Referent

Commitment

Expert

Commitment

This chart would indicate that the most a leader can hope for if he relies on the power received from holding a position (legitimate, reward, coercive) is compliance with directives. If leaders rely too heavily on coercive power, they risk meeting resistance. If, instead, a leader needs to have the follower’s commitment (the knowledge that a follower will comply with directives regardless of whether or not the follower is being monitored or not), then the leader must rely on personal sources of power – such as referent or expert power.

While commitment is very often the most desired reaction, sometimes compliance is enough to accomplish the leader’s objectives. Resistance, however, is something all leaders should want to avoid as it could render them totally ineffective.

Contingency Models

The Eveland PowerPoint presentation also covered contingency models of leadership. Contingency models are based on the idea that the most effective leadership style is one that matches the demands of the situation. There are three basic models of contingency leadership that we will cover in this module. Each has a slightly different prescription as to the factors that a leader needs to consider when exercising the most successful leadership style.
The Fiedler Model The Path-Goal Model and The Normative Decision Model
The Fiedler Model

Unlike the behavioral theorists who came before him, Fiedler did not believe that there was one best style of leadership. He agreed that individuals tend to possess either a task-oriented or relationship-oriented leadership style, but that to know the appropriate style for a given circumstance, you also needed to understand the situation:

Situational Factor

Characteristics

Leader-Member Relations

Do the followers have trust and confidence in the leader?

Task Structure

Is the task structured or unstructured?

Leader’s position power

Does the leader have the discretion to reward or punish?

Read the following article to learn how these factors combine to indicate which leadership style would be most effective given specific situational constraints, and criticisms of the model:
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory (2016). Leadership-central. Retrieved from http://www.leadership-central.com/fiedlers-contingency-theory.html#axzz3OemkTtoM
While Fiedler thought that different leadership styles worked better under different conditions, he did not think that people could change their preferred style. So the important task of management was to match the leader with the right style to the right situation. The next contingency theory of leadership we will examine does not hold that leadership style is static, and instead proffers the argument that leaders can change and adapt their style to fit the situation.

Path Goal Model

The path-goal model of leadership proposes four different leadership styles and considers two situational factors (the follower’s capabilities and motivation) to match the most effective leadership style with the characteristics of the situation as follows:

Appropriate Leadership Style

Situation

Directive
Employee role ambiguity is high Employees have low abilities Employees have external locus of control
Supportive
Tasks are boring and repetitive Tasks are stressful
Participative
Employee abilities are high Decisions are relevant to employees Employees have internal locus of control
Achievement-oriented
Employees have high abilities Employees have high achievement motivation
In other words, a leader does not use the same approach with hourly employees with limited skills the same way she would lead employees who are highly educated and highly skilled. Read more about this approach to leadership:
Martin, R. (2012) “PathGoal Theory of Leadership.” Encyclopedia of Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. Ed. John M. Levine and Michael A. Hogg. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2009. 636-37. SAGE Reference Online . Web. 30 Jan. 2012. Retrieved April 2017 from https://studysites.uk.sagepub.com/northouse6e/study/materials/reference/reference7.2.pdf
Normative Decision Model: Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision tree

The last contingency model we will consider is the Normative Decision Model, so called because it gives leaders a tool to use to decide exactly which of five leadership styles is appropriate for a given circumstance to ensure that the highest quality alternative is selected and the followers have the greatest likelihood of acceptance of that alternative. By asking a series of questions and following the answers through a decision tree, the leader can select the style that is most likely to yield the response she desires. The five leadership styles are:

Decision style

Characteristics

A1: Autocratic

Leader gathers information and decides alone.

A2: Autocratic

Leader gets information from followers but decides alone.

C1: Consultative

Leader shares problem with individual followers, asks for input, but decides alone.

C2: Consultative

Leader shares problem with group of follower, asks for input, but decides alone.

G2: Group based

Leader shares problem with group, seeks consensus on solution.

Find out what the key questions are and see how the decision tree works by reading the following article. Be sure to try out the interactive tool that allows you to try out the decision tree for yourself!
Vroom-Yetton-Jago Decision-making Model of Leadership (2013). Leadership-central. Retrieved from http://www.leadership-central.com/Vroom-Yetton-Jago-decision-making-model-of-leadership.html#axzz3OjpF9lI8
Transformational leadership

Transformational leaders are people who inspire followers to exert their greatest efforts toward achieving a vision for the future of the organization. To do this, the transformational leader needs to clearly communicate his vision for the organization and this vision must be linked to strong values that followers will find motivating. The transformational leader works hard to build trust with his followers – so that his “open area” of the JoHari Window is maximized. (See Module 2 for an explanation of the JoHari Window.)

Although he does not use the term “transformational”, Leadership expert Simon Sinek is clearly describing what constitutes this type of leadership in the following TED talk:
TED (2010) Simon Sinek: How great leaders inspire action. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action
Much of what is written about transformational leadership focuses on the role of top management – particularly CEO’s – as transformational. But what about the rest of us who lead people on a daily basis, but from the middle of the organization? Does the model of transformational leadership have anything to offer individuals who are not at the top of the leadership “food chain”?

The following article does just that by making clear how managers at all levels of the organization can become more effective leaders by infusing transformational principles into the meaning of work. Drawing on the Job Characteristics Model (remember this from module 1?), the authors show how “transformational leaders promote (i.e., shape) subordinates’ perceptions of work by influencing their perceptions of key job characteristics.” (p. 354)
Dean J., Cleavengera, D. J., and Munyonb, T. P. (2013). It’s how you frame it: Transformational leadership and the meaning of work. Business Horizons 56(3), 351-360.
You can find this article in the Trident Online Library.
Optional Sources
Center for Creative Leadership Website. (2015) Retrieved from http://www.ccl.org/index.shtml

McNamara, C. (2017) All about Leadership. In Free Management Library. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/leadership/2 responses needed: nursing case study help
I need help with a Law question. All explanations and answers will be used to help me learn.

Need to respond to two individuals from below. 100-150 words min.

Celina Huaman

Sep 24, 2020 at 12:16 PM

Hello Professor and Classmates,

I hope you all are having a wonderful week and all is well. Positive law codification is the process of preparing and enacting a restatement of existing law. Meaning changing or updating a current law that we have. This is the process in which obsolete provisions are eliminated and technical errors are corrected. A positive law is a federal statute. In drafting a codification bill, the Office of the Law Revision Counsel carefully considers the state of existing laws on a subject matter and aims for the improvement of those laws without changing their meaning or effect of the law. To be able to achieve the result they seek input from Federal agencies, congressional committees and other with expertise in the area of law being codified. They review it closely and analyze everything to make sure that the restatement of law is accurate and comprehensive. Then a formal review and comment period begins at that point once the bill is already introduced, but as that is going on the Office of the Law revision Counsel is actively seeking feedback. The office of the Law Revision Counsel prepares an initial draft of a bill to restate existing law as a positive law title of the Unites States Code. The bill is introduced by the Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary to the House of Representatives. As that is going on the office of law revision counsel actively seeks input form the Federal agencies, congressional committees and other with expertise in the area of law being codified. Once the conclusion of the comment period is reached an amendment in the nature of a substitute- reflection the corrections and comments- is prepared by the office of the Law revision and Counsel and transmitted to the committee . Typically the bill is passed by the house under suspension of the rules and in the senate by unanimous consent.

The benefits of positive law codification are the following:

1. Legal evidence: once the provisions are enacted as a positive law, the provisions as ser out in code constitute legal evidence of the law in all federal and state courts.

2. Improved organization: gives the opportunity to revisit the organizational structure of statutory material. It is easier to use and they foster a more comprehensive understanding of the law.

3. Elimination of obsolete provisions: The cumulative effect of removing all obsolete provisions can be profound, resulting in a much more compact and comprehensible text.

4. Improved wording and code: Provides the opportunity to update the wording and terms to achieve a more consistent and readable style.

5. Correction and technical errors: Gives the opportunity to correct anything that was spelled incorrectly or technical errors of the law that they are looking to update.

6. Precise statutory text: Promotes public access to the precise text of Federal statutory law, Gives a precise statutory language enacted into the law.

7. Cleaner amendment: Promotes accuracy and efficient in the preparation of amendments.

8. Streamlined citations: Statutory citations in court documents, legal academic papers, and other legal work are streamlined as a result of positive law codification. Once the provision is enacted as a part of the law positive law title, the United states code citations becomes the complete citations.

I hope everyone has a wonderful rest of the week and stays safe. Looking forward to reading all of your discussion post comments and learning more about the topic in today great discussion.

References:

Office of the Law Revision Counsel, US House of Representatives, outlining positive law codification in the United States Code

Word count: 600

Reply

Janet Hidalgo

Sep 24, 2020 at 3:06 PM

After reviewing the posted document, I learn that this explains the process of positive law codification and provides related information concerning the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the United States Code. This summary explains what the positive law codification is or performs; It restates existing law, enacts existing law, improves organization, removes obsolete provisions, and corrects technical errors.

Positive law codification is the process of preparing and enacting a restatement of existing law. As a positive law codification bill is prepared, the Office of the Law Revision Counsel actively seeks input from Federal agencies, congressional committees, and others with expertise in law being codified. Close review and rigorous analysis are accepted, so that all interested parties are assured that the restatement of law is accurate and comprehensive. The restatement conforms to the policy, intent, and purpose of Congress in the original enactments, but the organizational structure of the law is improved. The restatement is enacted as a positive law title of the United States Code.

The process of positive law codification yields several benefits for the courts, Congress, Federal agencies, the private bar, and all who use or refer to Federal statutory law. Positive law codification resolves inconsistent laws, eliminates duplicate provisions, and clarifies ambiguities. When a provision of a statute is included in a non-positive law title, certain technical changes are made in the wording and organization to integrate the provision into the Code.

The greatest benefit for every citizen alike is that both periodic publication of new editions and positive law codification of the U.S. Code provides greater public access and a more comprehensive understanding of the laws of the United States.

REFERENCE

POSITIVE LAW CODIFICATION IN THE UNITED STATES CODE. https://uscode.house.gov/codification/legislation.shtml

WC: 286

Reply

Kim Brown

Sep 25, 2020 at 12:33 AM

Good evening Professor Dingle and Classmates,

The process of positive law codification is preparing and enacting the restatement of existing law. Restatements conform to policy, intent, and purpose of congress, in the original enactments but organizational structure improved, obsolete provisions eliminated and technical errors corrected. It is then enacted as a positive law title of the United States Code.

(Representatives)

The Office of the Law Revision Counsel is an independent office in the United States House of Representatives. The office is required to prepare positive law codification bills for transmission to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and is non-political, as required by law to maintain impartiality on the issue of legislative policy.

(Representatives)

Positive law codification benefits the courts, congress, federal agencies, private bar, and any other body that needs a reference to federal statutory law.

1. For legal evidence, the provisions of the United States Code constitute legal evidence of the law in all federal and state courts instead of mere prima facie evidence that non-positive law titles are.

2. Improving organization by regrouping provisions yielding a statutory product easier to use and a more comprehensive understanding of the law, rather than have related subjects scattered in different places in the United States Code, enacted years apart from each other.

3. Elimination of obsolete provisions after vetting proposed changes makes a cumulative effect by taking out all obsolete provisions for a much more compact comprehensive text.

4. Improving wording and form updates text from archaic legalese and makes it more readable and consistent. Form improvements for overlong and complex provisions can be broken down into labeled parts for focusing on relevant material and help readers follow the text. Importance of ensuring that the restatement of existing laws conforms to the policy, intent, and purpose of Congress on the original enactments.

5. Correcting technical errors in the law, typographical errors, misspellings, and punctuation or grammar problems.

6. Precise statutory text for public access to the federal statutory law, as the non-positive law titles vary from precise language enacted into law and cross-references, stylistic changes made for the integration of federal statutory provisions, to precise statutory language enacted into law.

7. Cleaner amendments promote accuracy and efficiency in preparing of amendments, using precise statutory language and simplified, this reduces drafting errors and compliance with congressional rules requiring comparative prints.

8 Streamlining citations using the positive law title, the United States Code becomes the complete citation for court documents, legal academic papers, and other legal work. Non-positive law titles require a long citation which includes section number, the short title of the act, public law number, and statutes at large citation along with the United States Code citation.

(Representatives)

This seems to be a very long and tedious process but the ends definitely justify the means in this process, and I’m not surprised to learn that only half of the United States Codes are positive.

Hoping everyone enjoys their weekend.

Kim Brown

Work cited: Representatives, O. o. (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2020, from http://uscode.house.gov/

Word count: 509

Reply

Janastia Jarrett

Sep 25, 2020 at 5:04 PM

Reply

Janastia Jarrett

Sep 25, 2020 at 5:05 PM

Hey everyone,

Positive Law Codification is the United States government way editing or revising any particular statue or law. The restatement conforms to the policy intention and the purpose of congress in the original enactment, however, the organizational structure is improved, out of date provisions are deleted and grammatical errors are corrected (LRW US Code Positive Law Codification,2020). This is all done by the Office of the Law Revision, they first prepare an initial draft to the bill which reenacts an existing law. That positive law title is then introduced to the house of representatives by the chairman of the committee on the judiciary; the judiciary holds jurisdiction over law codification. After the introduction the Office of Law Revision commence a long review and commentary process. The Office seek outside input from federal agencies, congressional committees and other areas of the law for that particular subject on proposals for the bill. Then the office of Law Revision then prepares reflections and commentary on the codification. The bill is than passed by the House of Representatives under suspension of rules and in the senate by unanimous consent. Some of the benefits of positive law codification are the ability to show how the bill was created, improves its written format to give a better comprehension, removes obsolete provisions and corrects grammar errors. Positive codification gives the government an opportunity to spell check itself.

Best Regards

J.Jarrett

work cited: C:/Users/janas/Downloads/LRWUSCodePositiveLawCodification(1)(1).pdf

Reply

KG

Karen Granucci

Sep 25, 2020 at 6:55 PM

Hello Professor Dingle – Happy Thursday

Posted under Course Information is a document published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel, US House of Representatives, outlining positive law codification in the United States Code (“US Code”). After reviewing the posted document, explain and summarize the process of positive law codification. What are the benefits of positive law codification?

To codify means to arrange laws or rules into a systematic code. This process does not necessarily create new law, it merely arranges existing law, usually by subject, into a code. For example, in the United States, acts of Congress are codified chronologically in the order in which they became law. Codification is one of the defining features of civil law jurisdictions. Positive law titles constitute legal evidence of the law in all Federal and State courts (1 U.S.C. 204).

What is the purpose? Codification will restate the existing law; enacts existing law as a “positive law” title; improves organization; it will remove the obsolete and ambiguous provisions, resolves inconsistent laws, and finally, it will correct any update wording to achieve a more consistent and readable style. Improvements in the form may make the text more understandable and removing any technical error which may exist. Statutory citations in court documents, legal academic papers, and other legal work are streamlined as a result of positive law codification.

What is the process? The Office of the Law Revision Counsel carefully considers the state of existing laws on a subject matter and aims for the improvement without changing their meaning. The Office actively seeks input from Federal agencies, congressional committees, experts in the area of law being codified, and other interested persons. That input is essential in ensuring that the laws are restated correctly and in identifying obsolete, ambiguous, or inconsistent provisions and reaching a consensus on how those provisions should be handled. Because much research, consultations, and consensus-building are essential in correctly restating the laws, the process of positive law codification is inherently time consuming.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/codify

https://uscode.house.gov/

WORD COUNT 3351 statistics question
Help me study for my Statistics class. I’m stuck and don’t understand.

I had someone work on this earlier this week but unfortunately it was done incorrectly.

Below is the feedback I was given.

Thanks for your work. I think you may have misinterpreted the data, and I can now see why. The data in the AL columns are actually 14 separate, unrelated entries, and the data in the NL columns are 16 separate, unrelated entries. It looks like you ran statistical tests on differences, rather than treating the 14 AL data points as one data set, and the 16 NL data points as another. Would you be willing to try this again?

I have attached notes for the way this question is expected to be answered. Thanks!

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